Term
| What kind of ruling system did Arabia have before Islam? |
|
Definition
| - no unifying, strong state government, laws, and administration |
|
|
Term
| What was tribal culture based on (before Islam) |
|
Definition
| - kinship; divided by blood rivalries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Chieftains that led the tribes |
|
|
Term
| How did they acquire food (herding)? |
|
Definition
| - Nomadic herding of camels, sheep, and goats |
|
|
Term
| What kind of language and religion was there? |
|
Definition
- Arabic
- Animism, idolatry, and polytheism (as a religion) |
|
|
Term
| What civilizations were to the east and northwest of Arabia? |
|
Definition
- To the East: Zoroastrian Sasanian Empire (Iran, Iraq) weak by late 6th century
- To the Northwest: Roman-Byzantine Christianity (weak by early 7th century) |
|
|
Term
| Who was Abraham and Hagar? |
|
Definition
- Had Ishmael, father of Arabs
- Hagar was a slave |
|
|
Term
| What was the legend about Abraham and Ishmael? |
|
Definition
| - built Ka'ba and put the Black Stone there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Quraysh merchants profit from nativist polytheistic pilgrimages to Ka'ba |
|
|
Term
| Who was Muhammad ibn Abdullah? Give summary of early life. |
|
Definition
- 570-632 BC
- Born in Mecca to lower-middle-class parents
- camel driver
- Early 20's: Marries Khadijah, fathers 4 daughters
- Meditates on Mt. Hira, condemns idolatry, worldliness |
|
|
Term
| Explain the Night of Power |
|
Definition
- 610
- Angel Gabriel dictates Qur'an |
|
|
Term
| What happened in 610-622? |
|
Definition
| - Muhammad attracts few converts but many enemies at Mecca |
|
|
Term
| When did Khadijah and uncle Abu Talib die? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does Muhammad take his converts in 622? |
|
Definition
| - after escaping assassination attempts, takes them to Hegira (Hijrah) to Yathrib (Medina) |
|
|
Term
| What does Muhammad gain in 622-632? |
|
Definition
- In Medina, he gains power, converts via preaching, negotiation, war
- becomes caliph
- forms and leads ummah |
|
|
Term
| When does Muhammad force Mecca to surrender and win an 8 year war? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Islamic theological school, focus of ulama's power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- place of study
- from Arabic "darasa", to study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Established Medrese
- Suljuk vizier in late 11th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Islamic sub-dynasty (Iran, Iraq) under Abbasids |
|
|
Term
| What do stuendets learn at the Medrese? |
|
Definition
- Qur'an
- Hadith
- Law
- Grammar
- Philology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two steps that you must do? |
|
Definition
- Memorize Qur'an (some by 8-9)
- Memorize the 3 R's (?)
- Memorize hadith fathered during travels among mosques, merchant homes,
- share discuss hadith in haalqa (Circle) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- competitive legal arguments between legal scholars
- students take exams to qualify to teach
- answer judicial questions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Salat: obligatory prayer 5 times a day
- Zakat: payment due to support community (giving)
- Sawm: fast during Ramadan
- Hajj: pilgrimmage to Mecca
- Shahada: one god |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - lifelong ethical struggle/holy war for the faith |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 sources of law? (Shariyah) |
|
Definition
- Qur'an: sacred revelation
- Hadith: determined by ulema
- Qijas: earlier decisions as precedent
- Ijma: consensus of ummah or ulema
- Ijtihad (Shi'a only): modern interpretation |
|
|
Term
| What should a "good Islamic" do? |
|
Definition
- worship Allah
- help poor (tithing)
- divide inheritances fairly
- respect people of the book
- Muhammad is Seal of Great Prophets |
|
|
Term
| What are some Islamic no-nos? |
|
Definition
| - No alcohol, pork, or lust for money |
|
|
Term
| What happens on Judgment Day? |
|
Definition
| - Mahdi will appear and everyone will be resurrected to face Gehenna's fires or heaven's rewards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- submission
- yielding to divine will |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - peace, safety, compassion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Hegira/Hijrah? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - persons right of knowledge |
|
|
Term
| How is Islam similar to Christianity? |
|
Definition
- Monotheism
- flawed humans have right to chose between right (family, faith) and wrong (murder, etc.)
- divine creation and original perfection
- afterlife
- holy book and symbols
- beginnings: persecuted minority, prophets, etc.
- myths: flood, creation |
|
|
