Term
| What two things are located within the orbit? |
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Definition
1. The eye
2. The lacrimal apparatus |
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Term
| Describe the shape of the orbit? |
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Definition
| Similar to a circular pyramid |
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Term
| What forms the base of the pyramid? |
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Definition
| The upper, lower, medial and lateral borders of the orbit |
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Term
| What makes up each border of the orbit? |
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Definition
1. Upper: the frontal bond
2. Medial: frontal bone, frontal eminence of maxilla, ethmoid and lacrimal bones
3. Lower: Maxilla and zygomatic bones (infraorbital margin)
4. Lateral: frontal process of zygomatic bone, and zygomatic process of frontal bone |
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Term
| What makes up the roof, floor, medial and lateral walls of the orbit? |
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Definition
Roof: orbital plate of frontal bone
Floor: maxilla and zygomatic bones
Medial wall: frontal process of maxilla and lacrimal/ethmoid bones
Lateral wall: zygomatic bone and greater wing of sphenoid |
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Term
| What are the 5 other features associated with the orbit? |
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Definition
1. Supra and infraorbital foramen
2. Optic canal
3. Superior and inferior optic fissures |
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Term
| What is the organ of sight? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sensory component of the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many layers, and cavities, are there in the eye? What separates the cavities? |
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Definition
| 3 layers, 2 channels; lens separates the compartments |
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Term
| What is the function of the lens? |
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Definition
| To focus light onto the retina |
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Term
| Name the 3 layers of the eye, which is outermost and which is innermost |
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Definition
1. Cornea/Sclera - outermost
2. Choroid
3. Retina - innermost |
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Term
| Which portion of the outer layer is anterior? Posterior? |
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Definition
| Cornea = anterior clear portion, sclera = posterior white portion |
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Term
| (T/F) The cornea has a smaller radius than the rest of the eye |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) These is innervation and blood supply to these layers |
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Definition
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Term
| What is contained within the choroid of the eye? |
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Definition
| The blood supply to the eye |
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Term
| What are the 4 prominent features of the choroid? |
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Definition
1. Blood supply
2. Pupil
3. Iris
4. Intraoccular muscles |
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Term
| What is contained within the anterior portion of this layer? What is the function of this feature? |
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Definition
| Pupil; opening that allows light into the eye |
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Term
| (T/F) The retina is a complete layer |
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Definition
| False, it is only on the posterior of the eye |
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Term
| Describe its organization? |
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Definition
| Ordered into 10 layers of rods and cones |
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Term
| What is the macula lutea? Where is it found? |
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Definition
| The most sensitive area of the eye; directly in line with the cornea and the lens, on the posterior of the eye |
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Term
| What is the optic disc? Why does it exist? |
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Definition
| The blind spot of the eye; it is where the nerve cells leave to join the optic nerve |
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Term
| What nervous system controls the intraoccular eye muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 intraoccular muscles |
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Definition
1. Ciliary muscles
2. Sphincter pupillae
3. Dilator pupillae |
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Term
| What is the function of the ciliary muscles? |
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Definition
| Controls the thickness of the lens, therefore controlling its refractive power |
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Term
| What is the function of the pupillae muscles? |
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Definition
| Control the dilation of the pupil, therefore controlling the amount of light entering the eye |
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Term
| Describe innervation of the cilliary muscles |
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Definition
| PNS via CN III via ciliary ganglion |
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Term
| Describe innervation of the sphincter pupillae |
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Definition
| PNS via CN III via ciliary ganglion |
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Term
| Describe innervation of the dilator pupillae |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 7 extraoccular muscles |
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Definition
1. Superior, inferior, medial, and lateral rectae
2. Superior and inferior obliques
3. Levator papellbrae superioris |
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Term
| What is the function of the LPS? What nerve innervates it? |
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Definition
| Raises the eyelid; CN III |
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Term
| Describe the origin, insertion, movement, and innervation of the superior rectus |
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Definition
O: Fibrous ring
I: Top of eye
F: Rotates eye upwards
Via CN III |
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Term
| Describe the origin, insertion, movement, and innervation of the inferior rectus |
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Definition
| O: Fibrous ring I: Bottom of eye F: Rotates eye downwards Via CN III |
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Term
| Describe the origin, insertion, movement, and innervation of the medial rectus |
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Definition
| O: Fibrous ring I: Medial side of eye F: Rotates eye medially Via CN III |
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Term
| Describe the origin, insertion, movement, and innervation of the lateral rectus |
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Definition
| O: Fibrous ring I: Lateral side of eye F: Rotates eye laterally Via CN VI |
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Term
| Describe the origin, insertion, movement, and innervation of the superior oblique |
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Definition
O: Fibrous ring, through trochlea
I: Posterolateral superior surface of eye
F: Abducts and rotates eye downwards
Via CN IV |
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Term
| Describe the origin, insertion, movement, and innervation of the inferior oblique |
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Definition
O: Middle of orbit floor
I: Posterolateral underside of eye
F: Abducts and rotates eye upwards
Via CN III |
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Term
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Definition
| The "pulley" that the superior oblique runs through |
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Term
| Describe sympathetic innervation of the eye, and what portions it controls |
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Definition
Controls: part of LPS, and the dilator pupillae
- Pregang leaves at T1, synapses in the superior cervical ganglion. Postgang fibres follow internal carotid to eventually reach their target |
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Term
| Describe parasympathetic innervation of the eye, and what portions it controls |
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Definition
Controls: lacrimal gland and interior surface of eye (spincter and cilliary muscles)
- Lacrimal gland: CN VII synapse in the pterygopalantine ganglion, then travel to the lacrimal gland
- Eye muscles: CN III sends pregang to the ciliary ganglion, which then sends a subset of nerves to the sphincter muscles, while the rest goes to the ciliary muscles |
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Term
| What are signs of inhibited SNS innervation of the eye |
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Definition
- Constricted pupil
- Droopy eyelid |
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Term
| What are signs of inhibited PNS innervation of the eye |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The inner covering of the eyelids |
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Term
| (T/F) It blends with the cornea |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the tarsal plates? |
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Definition
| The thick fascial core of the eyelids |
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Term
| What is the space between the eyelids called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the lacrimal glands situated? |
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Definition
| In the upper, outer orbit |
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Term
| What structure do they connect to, and what does this allow? |
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Definition
| Connect to the conjunctival sacs, which allows tears to enter the eye. |
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Term
| What structure to the tears migrate to? |
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Definition
| Migrate medially to the lacrimal duct |
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Term
| What is the lacrimal punctum? |
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Definition
| The structure that allows the tears to leave the eye and enter the lacrimal duct. |
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