Term
| What are the four components of Neuronal Signaling? |
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Definition
| Reception, Transmission, Signaling, and Response. |
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Term
| What are Afferent Neurons? |
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Definition
| Sensory neurons; Pick up stimulus via sensory receptors and Transmt this infro to interneurons, usually in CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interneurons integrate the information from the afferent neurons and formulate a response. |
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Term
| What are efferent neurons? |
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Definition
| They carry the response signal to the muscles and glands so that a response can be carried out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of efferent neuron that carries signals to the skeletal muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Central Nervous System: Brain, Spinal Cord (interneurons.) |
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Term
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Definition
| The peripheral nervous system: Afferent and efferent neurons. |
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Term
| What is a nerve made up of? |
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Definition
| Axons, Blood vessels and connective tissues. |
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Term
| What part of the neuron receives signals and transmits them toward the cell body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Star-shaped cells the cover the surfaces of blood vessels. They are for structural support and help maintain ion concentrations in the interstitial fluid surrounding them. |
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Term
| What are some examples of Glial cells? |
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Definition
| Schwann cells, Oligodendricytes and Astrocytes. |
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Term
| Myelin sheaths have a high lipid content and serve to insulate electrical impulses. What are they formed by? |
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Definition
| Schwann cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS). |
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Term
| What are the gaps that expose the axon membrane directly to extracellular fluid and speed the rate at which electrical impulses move along axons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some problems involving myelin? |
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Definition
Multiple Sclerosis. Inflammations attack and injure the myelin.
Guillain Barre Syndrome -- inflamation in peripheral nerves result in dysfunction of myelin sheath. |
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Term
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Definition
| The junction between the axon terminals of a neuron and the receiving cell (another neuron, muscle fiber, gland cell). |
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Term
| What are the two types of synapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an electrical synapse? |
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Definition
| When the axon terminal is in such close proximity to the postsynaptic cell that you form gap junctions. |
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Term
| What is a chemical synapse? |
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Definition
1) Electrical impulse travels along the axon and arrives at the terminal.
2) A neurotransmitter is released.
3) A neurotransmitter diffuses across a synaptic cleft, binds to receptor on postsynaptic cell.
4) New electrical impulse is generated (if enough neurotransmitter is bound). |
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Term
| What is true in a resting membrane potential? |
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Definition
| The cell inside is negative, the cell outer surface is positive. |
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Term
| When does membrane potential arise? |
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Definition
| When there is a difference in electrical charge on the 2 sides of the membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tool that records voltage inside the cell to give you the membrane potential. |
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Term
| What is the at rest -70V membrane potential caused by? |
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Definition
The uneven distribution of charged particles inside and outside the cell.
1) The NA+/K+ pump.
2) The membrane is more permeable to potassium than to sodium (many more ungated potassium channels open than ungated sodium channels.) |
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Term
| The sodium potassium pump. |
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Definition
3 Sodium out, 2 potassium in.
There is a higher sodium concentration outside and a higher potassium concentration inside. |
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