Term
| what is one of the most common complaints in general neurology? |
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Definition
| h/a - evaluation of which requires a good hx |
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Term
| what is the ranking of neurologic disease etiologies according to acuteness of presentation/pathology? |
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Definition
| vascular, infections, neoplastic, and degenerative |
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Term
| what can help narrow down disease etiology? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the mnemonic for the neuro differential? |
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Definition
| MITCH (metabolic, infectious, traumatic, congenital, hereditary) VINDI (vascular, immune, neoplastic, drugs, idiopathic) DO (degenerative/demyelinating, other) |
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Term
| what does the neurologic examination consist of? |
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Definition
| mental status, cranial nerves, motor, sensory, reflexes, and gait/coordination |
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Term
| what is involved w/the mental status exam? |
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Definition
| level of consciousness (awake alert/lethargic?), orientation (O x 3), memory (immediate, 3 min, remote), sustained mental activity (calculation, spelling?), language (repetition/comprehension intact?), and general knowledge |
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Term
| what kind of disease is associated w/CNI deficit? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pupils (4mm -> 3mm RLA, PERRLA), funduscopic (discs flat w/spontaneous venous pulsations: reassuring sign of intracranial pressure not being elevated), and visual fields (should be full to confrontation) |
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Term
| how are CNIII, IV, VI evaluated? |
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Definition
| H-test for EOMI w/nystagmus |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles of mastication/facial sensation - if motor is deficient, the jaw will deviate to the side of that lesion. |
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Term
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Definition
| corneal reflex (CNV sensory/CNVII motor) and assessment of facial expression |
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Term
| how are CNIX,X,XI tested? |
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Definition
| gag reflex. afferent: IX, efferent: X. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what would be a common notation for the motor exam? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the strength scale for the motor exam? |
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Definition
| 0: no contraction, 1: trace movement, 2: can move w/gravity eliminated, 3: can move against gravity, 4: can move against gravity and a little resistance, 5: full power |
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Term
| what does the sensory exam consist of? |
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Definition
| light touch, pain/temp, vibration/position, and higher cortical sensation (stereognosia/graphesthesia). "intact to pin, vibration, propioception" |
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Term
| how are deep tendon reflexes evaluated? |
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Definition
| 0: absent, 1: hypoactive (may be normal), 2: normoactive, 3: hyperactive (may be normal), 4: hyperactive w/clonus. babinski, snout, suck, grasp, palmomental are all pathologic reflexes. |
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Term
| what is indicative of upper motor neuron pathology? |
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Definition
| no atrophy, spasticity, increased DTR's, and present babinski |
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Term
| what is indicative of lower motor neuron pathology? |
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Definition
| atrophy, flaccidity, decreased/absent DTR's, and absent babinski |
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Term
| how is coordination evaluated? |
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Definition
| finger-nose/heel-shin (dysmetria, past pointing), rapid alternating movements (dysdiadochokinesia), station/balance: romberg test, and gait |
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