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Definition
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Definition
Consists of the Frontalis and Occipitalis
-Joined by the epicranial aponeurosis, which covers the top of the skull |
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Definition
Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead horizontally |
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-Closes and puckers lips
-Shapes lips during speech |
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-Draws angle of mouth downward
-opens mouth |
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Pulls angle of mouth upward
(smile) |
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Definition
Raises Mandible
(main muscle for chewing) |
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Definition
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Definition
-contraction of both muscles flexes head toward chest
-contraction of one muscle turns head away from contracting muscle |
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Definition
| Contraction of both muscles extends head; contraction of one muscle turns head toward same side as contraction muscle |
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Definition
-Tightens abdominopelvic wall
-compresses internal organs
-flexes the vertebral column |
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Definition
-Tightens abdominopelvic wall
-compresses internal organs |
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Definition
-Tightens abdominopelvic wall
-compresses internal organs |
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Definition
-Tightens abdominopelvic wall
-compresses internal organs |
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Definition
-Forms floor of thoracic cavity
-lowers during contraction, causing inspiration |
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Definition
| Raises ribs upward and outward during inspiration |
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Definition
| Raises ribs downward and inward during expiration |
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Definition
-Elevates clavicle
-adducts and elevates scapula
-extends head |
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Definition
| Adducts and elevates scapula |
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Definition
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Definition
Pulls scapula downward and anteriorly |
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Definition
| Pulls scapula anteriorly and downward |
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Definition
Adducts humerus, draws it forward across chest |
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Definition
Adducts and flexes humerus |
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Definition
Abducts, flexes, and extends humerus |
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Definition
| Assists deltoid in abducting humerus |
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Definition
Rotates humerus laterally |
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Definition
| Adducts and extends humerus; rotates humerus medially |
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Definition
Extends, adducts, and rotates humerus medially |
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Definition
Rotates humerus laterally |
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Definition
| Flexes and rotates forearm laterally |
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Extensor carpi radialis longus |
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Definition
Extends and abducts wrist |
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Definition
Extends and adducts wrist |
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Definition
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Definition
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Extends and rotates thigh laterally |
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Definition
Abducts and rotates thigh medially |
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Definition
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Definition
| Adducts, flexes and rotates thigh laterally |
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Definition
| Adducts, flexes and rotates thigh laterally |
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Term
Quadriceps femoris
(4 muscles)
and
major function |
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Definition
1. Rectus femoris
2. Vastus lateralis
3. Vastus medialis
4. Vastus intermedius
Extending the Leg, flexing the thigh |
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Definition
Extends leg and flexes thigh |
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Definition
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Hamstrings
(3 muscles)
and
major function |
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Definition
1. Biceps femoris
2. Semitendinosus
3. Semimembranosus
Flexing and rotating leg, extending thigh |
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Definition
| Flexes and rotates leg laterally; extends thigh |
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Definition
| Flexes and rotates leg medially; extends thigh |
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Definition
| Flexes and rotates leg medially; extends thigh |
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Definition
| Flexes and rotates leg medially; adducts thigh |
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Definition
| Flexes thigh; rotates leg medially and thigh laterally as when crossing legs |
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Definition
Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg |
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Definition
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Definition
| Plantar flexes and everts foot; supports arch |
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Definition
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot |
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Extensor digitorum longus |
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Definition
Dorsiflexes and everts foot; extends toes |
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Definition
| A muscles whos contraction opposes an action of another muscle |
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Definition
A broad sheet of fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to another muscle or connective tissue |
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Definition
| A molecule that stores a small amount of energy in a muscle fiber |
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Definition
| The attachment of a muscle that moves when the muscle contracts |
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Definition
| A motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it controls |
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Definition
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Definition
| The state of slight contraction in a skeletal muscle |
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Definition
| One of many contractile fibers within a muscle cell |
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Definition
| A molecule that stores a small amount of oxygen in a muscle fiber |
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Definition
| A chemical released by axon tips of neurons that activates a muscle fiber, gland, or another neuron |
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Definition
| The attachment of a muscle that remains fixed when the muscle contracts |
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Definition
| The smallest contractile unit of a myofibril |
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Definition
| A narrow band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone |
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Definition
A sustained muscle contraction |
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Term
Why are they called skeletal muscles |
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Definition
Because most of them are attached to bone |
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Term
| What are muscle fibers bound together by |
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Definition
| dense fibrous connective tissue |
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Definition
Small bundles of muscle fibers |
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Definition
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Characteristics of Skeletal muscle |
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Definition
-Striations
-Many Nucleus
-Long and Parallel Fibers
-Voluntary neural control
-Fast or slow contractions
-Attached to bones or other muscles |
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Term
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Definition
The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber |
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Definition
The cytoplasm of a muscle fibers sarcolemma |
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Term
2 Proteins that compose myofibrils |
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Definition
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Definition
2 twisted strands of actin molecules joined together like tiny strings of pearl
(also have troponin and tropomyosin) |
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Term
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Definition
| hundreds of myosin molecules, each shaped like a double headed golf club, the heads bind to actin filaments to form cross-bridges |
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Term
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Definition
| The light and dark cross bands that are characteristic of skeletal muscle fibers |
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Sacromere extends from... |
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Definition
Z line to the next Z line |
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Definition
| is an action causing neuron- it's impulses produce an action in target cells |
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Definition
| the part of a motor neuron that leads to a muscle fiber |
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Definition
| the connection between the terminal branches of an axon and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber |
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Definition
| Depressions that the axon tips fits into on the sarcolemma |
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Definition
The tiny space between the axon terminal and the sarcolemma |
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Term
| The neurotransmitter in Muscle contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when acetylcholine binds to receptors on the sarcolemma |
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Definition
| stimulates the release of Calcium (Ca++) from the SR of the muscle fiber. |
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Term
| What happens when Ca++ is released from the SR of the muscle fiber |
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Definition
| Ca++ binds to troponin on the actin filaments, which causes tropomyosin to shift, exposing the myosin binding sites on the actin, the myosin then starts to pull the actin twoards the center of the sarcomere. |
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Term
| What is the process of the myosin pulling the actin powered by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens once contraction occurs? |
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Definition
| The sarcolemma secretes the enzyme acetylocholinesterase, which decomposes acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. |
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Term
Where does the energy for contraction come from? |
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Definition
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Term
Creatine phosphates role in contraction? |
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Definition
| serves as a limited storage form of readily available energy, which can be transferred to ADP to form ATP |
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Definition
Can loosely bind with oxygen and transport it from the lungs to body cells
(red pigment in red blood cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| Can combine loosely with oxygen, which can be stored in combination with myoglobin and released later for aerobic cellular respiration during periods of muscle activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organic molecule formed by the breakdown of glucose in the anaerobic phase of cellular respiration |
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Definition
| An organic by-product formed from pyruvic acid during anaerobic cellular respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| develops as lactic acid accumlates, it is the amount of oxygen required to metabolize the accumulated lactic acid and to resupply the normal amounts of ATP and creatine phosphate in the muscle cells. |
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Term
| How can endurance training enhance the efficiency of aerobic celluar respiration in muscle? |
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Definition
-increases mitochondria
-increases efficiency of obtaining oxygen from blood
-increases the concentration of myoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
when a muscle will no longer respond to stimulation
(results primarily from accumulation of lactic acid and carbon dioxide and the depletion of ATP) |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of stimulus that it needed to make a muscle fiber contract |
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Term
all-or-none-response
(single fiber) |
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Definition
| When a muscle fiber is stimulated by a threshold stimulus or by a stimulus of greater strength it always contracts completely. |
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Graded Responses
(whole muscles) |
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Definition
| varying degrees of contraction |
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Definition
activates all motor units |
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Definition
lacks even partial relaxation
(tetanic) |
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Definition
cause movement at a joint |
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Definition
| produce no movement but increase tension (pushing against a wall) |
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Definition
| group of muscles producing an action |
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