Term
| Name the primary divisions of the mediastinum |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the divisions of the inferior part of the mediastinum |
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Definition
| Anterior, Middle, Posterior |
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Term
| What are the borders of the superior mediastinum? |
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Definition
| Superior Thoracic Apertuer to T4-T5 |
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Term
| What are the contents of the superior mediastinum? |
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Definition
| Thymus, Left and Right Brachiocephalic Veins, Superior Vena Cava, Arch of Aorta, Trachea, Esophagus, Phrenic Nerve, Valgus Nerve, Thoracic Duct |
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Term
| Where is the thymus located? |
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Definition
| Posterior to the Manubrium |
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Term
| What is the primary function of the Thymus? |
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Definition
| Early development of immune system T-cells |
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Term
| What happens to the thymus after puberty? |
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Definition
| Will slowly decrease in size |
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Term
| What feeds into the brachiocephalic vein? |
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Definition
| Internal Jugular and Subclavian Veins |
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Term
| What feeds into the Superior Vena Cava and where? |
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Definition
| The Brachiocephalic Veins at the lower edge of the first costal cartilage |
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Term
| What are the common access points of a central line? |
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Definition
| Jugular vein, Subclavian vein, Femoral vein |
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Term
| What are some common complications of administering a central line? |
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Definition
| Pneumothorax, infection, thrombosis |
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Term
| What is the only part of the aorta that is located in the superior mediastinum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the major branches of the superior aortic arch? |
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Definition
| Brachiocephalic trunk, left Subclavian and Common Carotid Arteries |
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Term
| What are the branches of the Brachiocephalic trunk? |
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Definition
| Right Subclavian and Common Carotid Arteries |
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Term
| What is another name for Aortic Dissection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What characterizes an Aortic Dissection? |
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Definition
| Blood is forced through a small tear in the tunica intima that separates that torn layer from the arterial wall |
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Term
| What forms the respiratory tract inferior to the Larynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what level does the Trachea divide into left and right Bronchi? |
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Definition
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Term
| What spinal cord segment gives rise to the phrenic nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What parts of the mediastinum does the Phrenic Nerve innervate? |
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Definition
| Mediastinal Pleura, Fibrous Pericardium, the Parietal Layer of Serous Pericardium |
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Term
| What is the result of damage to one side of the Phrenic Nerve? |
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Definition
| Same side of diaphragm will be paralyzed |
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Term
| At what level does damage to the Phrenic Nerve result in an inability to breathe? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Congenital Central Hyperventilation Syndrome or Primary Alveolar Hypoventilation, manifests as respiratory arrest during sleep, can be fatal |
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Term
| What is another name for the vagus nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of innervation is provided by the Vagus Nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the left and right vagus nerves give off in the superior medastinum? |
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Definition
| Right and Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves |
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Term
| What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve pass underneath before ascending to the larynx? |
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Definition
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Term
What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve pass underneath before ascending to the larynx?
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Definition
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Term
| Which recurrent laryngeal nerve is succeptable to compression? |
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Definition
| Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve |
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Term
| What is a common cause of compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, resulting in hoarsness of breath? |
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Definition
| Lymph node enlargement due to spread of lung cancer |
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the Anterior Mediastinum within the Inferior Mediastinum? |
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Definition
| Body of the Sternum to the Pericardial Sac |
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Term
What are the boundaries of the Middle Mediastinum within the Inferior Mediastinum?
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Definition
| Pericardial Sac and Heart |
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Term
What are the boundaries of the Posterior Mediastinum within the Inferior Mediastinum?
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Definition
| Pericardial Sac to verterbral bodies of T5-T12 |
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Term
| What are the contents of the Anterior Mediastinum? |
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Definition
| Fat, Connective Tissue, Lymph Nodes, Mediastinal Branches of Internal Thoracic Vessles, Sternopericardial Ligaments, Remnants of Thymus |
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Term
| What are the contents of the Middle Mediastinum? |
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Definition
| Pericardial Sac, Heart, Origins of Great Vessles, Phrenic Nerve, Pericardiocophrenic Vessles |
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Term
| What are the contents of the Posterior Mediastinum? |
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Definition
| Esophagus, Thoracic Aorta, Azygos system of veins, Thoracic Duct, Sympathetic trunks and thoracic Splanchnic Nerves |
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Term
| Where does the esophagus begin and end? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the left vagus nerve become at the esophagus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the right Vagus Nerve become at the esophagus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 locations where the esophagus may be compressed by surrounding structures? |
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Definition
Junction of esophagus and pharynx in the neck
Where arch of aorta crosses esophagus
Where esophagus is compressed by left main bronchus
At esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm |
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Term
| If a swolloed coin is seen in an x-ray to be flat and parallel with the coronal plane, it is likely within what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the thoracic aorta give off in the posterior mediastinum? |
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Definition
| Posterior Intercostal Arteries, Bronchial Arteries, Esophageal Arteries |
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Term
| The posterior intercostal arteries supply which intercostal spaces? |
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Definition
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Term
| The azygos is on which side of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygose veins are on which side of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the azygose system of veins? |
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Definition
| Drain blood from the body wall to the superior vena cava |
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Term
| What alternate route may potentially be taken in cases where the inferior vena cava might be blocked? |
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Definition
| Azygose Veins, resulting in substantial dilation |
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Term
| What is the function of the thoracic duct? |
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Definition
| Channel through which lymph of most of the body is returned to the venous system |
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Term
| Where does the Cisterna Chyli enter the thorax? |
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Definition
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Term
| The right lymphatic duct drains what? |
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Definition
| Right arm and right side of head and kneck |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of Lymphatic Fluid in the pleural cavity caused by a leak in the thoracic duct |
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Term
| How much fluid does the thoracic duct transport per day? |
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Definition
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