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- Spanish galleons that took Asian luxuty goods to Mexico in exchange for silver
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- Food crops native to the Americas that took root in Africa, Asia, and Europe.
- Included potatoes, beans, caco, and maize.
- Caused a global increase in population due to a surplus in food supplies across the planet.
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| Enviornmental affects of global trade |
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- A greater demand for luxury goods caused the death of hundureds of thousands of fur-bearing animals.
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- Martin Luther caused the reformation of the Roman Catholic Church.
- The Reformation caused political changes, the enlightenment, and greater freedom in 16th century Europe.
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- Wrote the 95 theses, in which he attacked the Roman Catholic Church.
- Disagreed with the selling of indulgences and other policies of the Church, causing it's reformation.
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- Caused another reformation in France.
- Converted to Protestant faith, wrotes Institutes of the Christian Religion.
- Caused more reformations to take place in other countries.
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| Ptolemic & Copernican Universe |
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- Ptolemic theory of the universe that said the earth was the center.
- Copernican universe developed as more information was gathered about planetary movements - stated that the earth revolved around the sun.
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| The Scientific Revolution |
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- The study of the natural world brought about the scientific revolution.
- Johannes Keppler, Galileo, and Newton brought about theories that eventually became more widely accepted by the scientific community, church, and general popluation.
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- Probed that the heavens were not perfect as Ptolemic scholars believed.
- Proved that the planets had eliptical orbits, sun had spots, and Jupiter had four moons.
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- Wrote "Mathematical Principals of Natural Philosphy," which united the physics of the heavens and earth.
- Created universal laws of gravitation.
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- A movement by thinkers to transform human thought and reason.
- Sought to discover theoretical laws that goverend human society.
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- Worked to discover natural laws of politics.
- Attacked divine right principals.
- Said that every human has the right to life, liberty, and property.
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- Attacked French monarchy and Roman Catholic Church.
- Accused the Church of fanaticism, intolerance, and incalculable human suffering.
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| Constitutional monarchies |
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- First institutes by the Magna Carta in England against King John.
- Limited the rights of Kings.
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