1) To filter excess fluid and return it to the blood

2) Defend against pathogens and disease causing organisms

What are the two types of immunity?

1) Innate

2) Adaptive

1) Defense present at birth

2) Doesn't recognize specific pathogens

3) acts very quickly and effectively to fight off infections

4) Includes 1st line of defense: Skin & Mucous membranes and 2nd line of defense: phagocytes, inflammatory response, and fever

1) Not present at birth

2) Ability to recognize specific microbes

3) Ability to remember pathogens if they come back into contact with your body later on

4) Acts more slowly than Innate Immunity

5) Includes lymphocytes (T cells & B cells)

True or False?

The tonsils are considered part of the lymphatic tissues  under a category known as MALT.

1) Lymph

2) Lymphatic vessels

3) Lymphatic Tissues (including lymph nodes)

4) Red Bone Marrow (key in WBC production)

True or False?

Interstitial fluid moves back and forth among lymphatic capillaries.

False.

Interstitial fluid can only move ONE-WAY INTO the lymphatic capillaries.

Thymus, Lymph Nodes, Spleen

1) T-cells mature in the thymus

2) it populates other lymphatic tissues with

T-cells

True or False?

The thymus in an older person is larger than that of a child.

False.

The thymus becomes smaller in an older person because it decreases in size over time.

Lymph Nodes

1) About how many do we have?

2)How big are they?

3)Where are they located?

1) We have approximately 600

2) They are 1-25 mm in size

3) They are found in the throat, axillary region (armpitt), and groin region.

True or False?

Lymph nodes act as "Pitt" stops for lymphatic fluid where B cells and T cells can attack pathogens.

True.

Macrophages also help in this process.

1) Blood enters through the splenic artery

2) Enters "White" pulp - contains B & T cells and carries out immune functions

3) Enters "Red" Pulp - contains mostly macrophages that help engulf and phagocytize old, worn out cells

Innate Immunity - 1st line of defense

Name examples of defense agents on the skin and in mucous membranes.

1) Skin - Salts, antimicrobial agents (Oil), Ph, Keratin

2) Mucous membranes contain mucous to trap particles

Note - The epidermis is constantly sloughing off or shedding

Innate Immunity

2nd Line of Defense: Internal Defenses

How do Natural Killer Cells  protect the body?

They patrol in the blood, spleen, and lymphatic tissues looking for any invaders to the body.

They can also attack you own body's cells that display unusual proteins in their membranes. This would note that the cells have been infected or are defective/damaged for example Cancer Cells.

1) They attatch to a cell, insert a protein known as perforin which creates an opening in the cell. This allows fluid to enter the cell until it bursts.

2) They can also release an enzyme called granyzyme that causes the cell to kill itself or undergo apoptosis.

1) Chemotaxis - movement in response to chemicals

2) Adhere- the cell adheres to the phagocyte

3) Ingestion - the phagocyte extends pseudopods (false foot) to surround the microbe in a small packet or phagosomence

4) Digestion - phagosome merges with lysosome

5) Killing

True or false?

Adaptive immunity works based on antigens.

Cell-Mediated Immunity

&

Antibody Mediated Immunity

1) Helper T Cells

2) Cytotoxic T Cells

True or False?

Helper T cells are toxic to cells and do most of the killing.

False.

Cytotoxic T Cells are Toxic to the cells and are killers.

True or False?

Each antigen receptor only recognizes ONE antigen.

Effector cells - those involved in destruction of the antigen

Memory Cells - not involved in initial immune response - act later on

Effector - Active helper T cells

-Active cytotoxic T Cells

Memory - Memory helper T Cells

-Memory cytotoxic T cells

Effector - Plasma Cells

Memory - Memory B cells

True or False?

Identical Twins have the SAME MHC Antigen.

True or False?

T cells recognize their antigens on their own, however B cells need B cell receptors to recognize their antigens.

False.

B cells are able to recognize their own antigens.

T cells however need antigen presenting cells to recognize their antigens.

Neutrolizing - neutrolize the action of the antigen by blocking it from producing its toxins or binding to your body's cells

Immobilizing - binds with antigens on flagella to diable it from moving

Agglutination - causes the antigen to cross link and clump together

Enhancing Phagocytosis - when it binds to the antigen it flags it for destruction