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The Language of Medicine
Chapter 1: Basic Word Structure
172
Medical
Undergraduate 1
02/11/2011
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Term
aden/o
 Definition
gland
Term
adenoma
 Definition
tumor of a gland
Term
adenitis
 Definition
inflammation of a gland
Term
arthritis
 Definition
inflammation of a joint
Term
biology
 Definition
study of life
Term
biopsy
 Definition
process of viewing life
Term
carcin/o
 Definition
cancerous, cancer
Term
carcinoma
 Definition
cancerous tumor
Term
cardi/o
 Definition
heart
Term
cardiology
 Definition
study of the heart
Term
cardiology
 Definition
study of the heart
Term
cephal/o
 Definition
head
Term
cephalic
 Definition
p/t the head
Term
cerebr/o
 Definition
cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
Term
cerebral
 Definition
p/t largest part of the brain
Term
cerebral
 Definition
p/t largest part of the brain
Term
cis/o
 Definition
to cut
Term
incision
 Definition
cutting into
Term
excision
 Definition
process of cutting out
Term
crin/o
 Definition
to secrete (to form and give off)
Term
endocrine glands
 Definition
to secrete within
(endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream)
Term
cyst/o
 Definition
urinary bladder; a sac or cyst (sac containing fluid)
Term
cystoscopy
 Definition
process of visually examining urinary bladder
Term
cyt/o
 Definition
cell
Term
cytology
 Definition
study of the cell
Term
derm/o
dermat/o
 Definition
skin
Term
dermatitis
 Definition
inflammation of the skin
Term
hypodermic
 Definition
p/t under the skin
Term
electr/o
 Definition
electricity
Term
electrocardiogram
(ECG or EKG)
 Definition
record of the electricity in the heart
Term
encephal/o
 Definition
brain
Term
electroencephalogram
 Definition
record of the electricity in the brain
Term
enter/o
 Definition
intestines (usually the small intestine)
Term
enteritis
 Definition
inflammation of the intestines
Term
erythr/o
 Definition
red
Term
erythrocyte
 Definition
red blood cell
RBC
Term
gastr/o
 Definition
stomach
Term
gastrectomy
 Definition
removal of the stomach
Term
gastrotomy
 Definition
incision in the stomach
Term
gnos/o
 Definition
knowledge
Term
diagnosis
 Definition
state of complete knowledge
Term
prognosis
 Definition
prediction about end result of an illness
Term
gynec/o
 Definition
woman; female
Term
gynecology
 Definition
study of woman
Term
hemat/o
hem/o
 Definition
blood
Term
hematology
 Definition
study of blood
Term
hematoma
 Definition
collection of blood
bruise
Term
hepat/o
 Definition
liver
Term
hepatitis
 Definition
inflammation of the liver
Term
iatr/o
 Definition
treatment; physician
Term
iatrogenic
 Definition
p/t producing treatment
(Iatrogenic conditions are adverse side effects that result from treatment of intervention by a physician)
Ex)Chemotherapy-->hair loss
Term
hemoglobin
 Definition
blood protein
carries oxygen in RBCs
Term
leuk/o
 Definition
white
Term
leukocyte
 Definition
white blood cell
WBC
Term
nephr/o
 Definition
kidney
Term
nephritis
 Definition
inflammation of kidney
Term
nephrology
 Definition
study of kidney
Term
neur/o
 Definition
nerve
Term
neurology
 Definition
study of nerves
Term
onc/o
 Definition
tumor
Term
oncology
 Definition
study of tumors
Term
oncologist
 Definition
tumor specialist
Term
ophthalm/o
 Definition
eye
Term
ophthalmoscope
 Definition
instument for visual examiniation of the eye
Term
oste/o
 Definition
bone
Term
osteoitis
 Definition
inflammation of bone
Term
osteoarthritis
 Definition
inflammation of bones/joints
Term
path/o
 Definition
disease
Term
pathology
 Definition
study of disease
Term
pathologist
 Definition
disease specialist
Term
ped/o
 Definition
child
Term
pediatric
 Definition
p/t treatment of children
Term
psych/o
 Definition
mind
Term
psychology
 Definition
study of the mind
Term
psychiatrist
 Definition
mind specialist
Term
radi/o
 Definition
x-rays
Term
radiology
 Definition
study of x-rays
Term
ren/o
 Definition
kidney
Term
renal
 Definition
p/t kidney
Term
rhin/o
 Definition
nose
Term
rhinitis
 Definition
inflammation of the nose
Term
sect/o
 Definition
to cut
Term
resection
 Definition
cutting out/removal
Ex)Gastric resection is a gastrectomy, or excision of the stomach
Term
thromb/o
 Definition
clot; clotting
Term
thrombocyte
 Definition
clotting cell
(platelet)
Term
ur/o
 Definition
urinary tract; urine
Term
urology
 Definition
study of urinary tract
Term
-ac
 Definition
pertaining to
p/t
Term
cardiac
 Definition
p/t the heart
Term
-al
 Definition
pertaining to
p/t
Term
neural
 Definition
p/t nerves
Term
-algia
 Definition
pain
Term
arthralgia
 Definition
joint pain
Term
neuralgia
 Definition
nerve pain
Term
-cyte
 Definition
cell
Term
erythrocyte
 Definition
RBC
Term
-ectomy
 Definition
excision; removal
Term
nephrectomy
 Definition
removal of kidney
Term
-emia
 Definition
blood condition
Term
leukemia
 Definition
WBC condition
Term
-genic
 Definition
p/t producing; produced by; produced in
Term
carcinogenic
 Definition
p/t producing cancer
Ex)Ciggarette smoke is carcinogenic
Term
pathogenic
 Definition
produced by disease
Ex)A virus/bacterium is a pathogenic organism.
Term
iatrogenic
 Definition
produced by treatment
Ex)Hairloss from Chemotherapy
Term
-globin
 Definition
protein
Term
hemoglobin
 Definition
protein in the blood
Term
-gram
 Definition
record
Term
electroencephalogram
 Definition
record of electricity in brain
Term
-ic
-ical
 Definition
p/t
Term
gastric
 Definition
p/t stomach
Term
neurologic
 Definition
study of nerves
Term
-ion
 Definition
process
Term
excision
 Definition
process of removing
Term
-ist
 Definition
specialist
Term
gynecologist
 Definition
specialist is female care
Term
-itis
 Definition
inflammation
Term
cystitis
 Definition
inflammation of urinary bladder
Term
-logy
 Definition
process of study
Term
endocrinology
 Definition
study of endocrine glands
Term
-oma
 Definition
tumor; mass; swelling
Term
hepatoma
 Definition
blood tumor
Term
-opsy
 Definition
process of viewing
Term
biopsy
 Definition
view of life
Term
-osis
 Definition
condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when ised with blood cells)
Term
nephrosis
 Definition
kidney condition
Term
leukocytosis
 Definition
WBC condition
(Slight increase in normal WBCs; occurs as WBCs multiply to fight infection)
Term
-pathy
 Definition
disease condition
Term
enteropathy
 Definition
disease condition of small intestine
Term
adenopathy
 Definition
disease condition of a gland
Term
-scope
 Definition
instument to visually examine
Term
endoscope
 Definition
instrument to visually examine witin
Term
-scopy
 Definition
process of visually examining w/ an endoscope
Term
endoscopy
 Definition
process of visually examining with endoscope
Term
-sis
 Definition
state of; condition
Term
prognosis
 Definition
prediction about outcome of an illness
Term
-tomy
 Definition
process of cutting; incision
Term
osteotomy
 Definition
process of cutting bone
Term
-y
 Definition
process; condition
Term
gastroenterology
 Definition
study of stomach/small intestine
Term
a-
an-
 Definition
no, not, without
Term
anemia
 Definition
blood condition
"without blood"
Term
aut-
auto-
 Definition
self; own
Term
autopsy
 Definition
process of viewing by oneself
(exam of dead body)
Term
dia-
 Definition
through; complete
Term
diagnosis
 Definition
state of complete knowledge
Term
end-
endo-
 Definition
within
Term
epi-
 Definition
above; upon
Term
epigastric
 Definition
above the stomach
Term
epidermis
 Definition
above the skin
Term
ex-
 Definition
out
Term
excision
 Definition
to cut out
Term
hyper-
 Definition
excessive, above, more than normal
Term
hyperglycemia
 Definition
high blood sugar
Term
hyperthyroidism
 Definition
condition of too much secretion of hormone from the thyroid
Term
hypo-
 Definition
deficient, below, under, less than normal
Term
hypogastric
 Definition
below stomach
Term
hypoglycemia
 Definition
low blood sugar
Term
in-
 Definition
into, in
Term
incision
 Definition
cut into
Term
peri-
 Definition
surrounding, around
Term
pericardium
 Definition
tissue surrounding the heart
Term
pro-
 Definition
before, forward
Term
prostate gland
 Definition
endocrine gland before or in front of the urinary bladder
(produces semen: contains fluid & sperm cells)
Term
re-
 Definition
back, backward, again
Term
resection
 Definition
removal/excision
Term
retro-
 Definition
behind
Term
retrocadiac
 Definition
behind heart
Term
sub-
 Definition
below, under
Term
subhepatic
 Definition
under liver
Term
trans-
 Definition
across, through
Term
transhepatic
 Definition
through liver
Term
transhepatic
 Definition
through liver
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