Term
| which tissues are found in the skin |
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Definition
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Term
| which tissues is dermis made of? |
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Definition
| connective, muscle, nervous |
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Term
| which tissues is the subcutaneous layer made of? |
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Definition
1. adipose tissue
2. areolar tissue |
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|
Term
| which layer of skin is avascular? |
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Definition
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Term
| which layer of skin is composed of 5 strata? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 types of cells found within epidermis |
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Definition
1. keratinocytes (90%)
2. Melanocytes
3. Lagerhans cells
4. Merkel cells |
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Term
| the most aboundant cells in epidermis |
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Definition
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Term
| cell within epidermis responsible for pigmentation |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: keratinocytes can transfer keratin to other cells, apart from themselves |
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Definition
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Term
| why do some people have a darker skin color |
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Definition
| their melanocytes produce more melanin (the number of melanocytes is the same in all people!!!) |
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Term
| via what process is melanin transferred to other cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| what structure of epidermis make is water-repellent? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| where do Lagerhans cells form? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| help immune cells within skin identify the microbes and destroy them |
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Term
| what are the least numerous cells in the epidermis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| where in epidermis are Merkel cells located? |
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Definition
| in stratum basale (where they come in contact with the nerve & Meissner corpuscle) |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| deepest layer of epidermis |
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Definition
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Term
| shape and type of cells in stratum basale |
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Definition
| columnar or cuboidal keratinocytes |
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Term
| where are there stem cells in epidermis (mitosis occurs) |
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Definition
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Term
| the 2 cell junctions within stratum basale of epidermis |
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Definition
1. desmosomes
2. hemidesmosomes |
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Term
| also called stratum germinativum |
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Definition
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Term
| how many cell layers are there in stratum spinosum |
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Definition
| Stratum spinosum = 8-10 layers of cells |
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Term
| 3 types of cells within stratum spinosum |
|
Definition
1. keratinocytes
2. melanocytes
3. Lagerhans |
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Term
| how many cell layers are there in stratum granulosum? |
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Definition
| Stratum granulosum = 3-5 layers of cells |
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Term
| contains keratohyalin granules |
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Definition
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|
Term
| contains lamellar granules secreting lipids that repel water |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how many cell layers are there in stratum lucidum |
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Definition
| stratum lucidum = 3-5 layers of cells |
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|
Term
| how many layers of cells are there in stratum corneum |
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Definition
| Stratum Corneum = 25-20 cell layers |
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|
Term
| true/false: when keratinocytes are formed from stem cells in stratum basale , they are filled with keratin |
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Definition
| False: keratonocytes fill with keratin as they move up towards stratum corneum |
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|
Term
| which hormone stimulates keratinization and epidermal growth? |
|
Definition
| EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) |
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|
Term
| what 2 kinds of fibers are found in dermis? |
|
Definition
1. collagen fibers
2. elastic fibers |
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|
Term
| what 3 types of cells are found in dermis? |
|
Definition
1. fibroblasts
2. macrophages
3. adipose cells |
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Term
| how much of the dermis is represented by papillary region |
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Definition
| papillary region = 1/5 dermis |
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|
Term
| what type of tissue makes up the papillary region of dermis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| two structures within papillary region of dermis |
|
Definition
1. Meissner corpuscles (connect to Merkel cells to sense touch)
2. nerve endings (feel pain & temperature) |
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|
Term
| what tissue makes up the reticular region of dermis |
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Definition
| Reticular region of dermis = Dense Irregular CT |
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|
Term
| strength, extensibility & elasticity of the skin are ensured by which region/layer? |
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Definition
| reticular region of dermis |
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|
Term
| how are fingerprints formed? |
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Definition
| fingerprints - formed by sweat glands opened on epidermal ridges |
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|
Term
| in what of the 2 parts of skin is melanin produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where in the skin is carotene found? |
|
Definition
Carotene: 1. in stratum corneum
2. in dermis |
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|
Term
| what kind of cells are nails formed from? |
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Definition
| nails: tightly packed keratinized cells |
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|
Term
| the visible, pink part of the nail is called... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| why does lunula appear white |
|
Definition
| lunula - white due to thickened stratum basale |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| which layer of skin forms cuticle? |
|
Definition
| cuticle;; stratum corneum |
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|
Term
| the most superficial portion of hair |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the part of hair that penetrates into dermis and sometimes into subq |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| 3 concentric layers of cells composing the hair |
|
Definition
1. medulla - inner; lacks in thin hair
2. cortex: major part of shaft
3. cuticle: 1 layer; heavily keratinized |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| 3. cuticle: 1 layer; heavily keratinized |
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|
Term
| part that surrounds the root of hair |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| 2 main sheaths that make up hair follicle |
|
Definition
1. epidermal root sheath
2. dermal root sheath |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| base of a hair follicle + its dermal root sheath |
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|
Term
| a nipple-shaped indentation in the bulb of hair that is made of areolar tissue and many blood vessels + nourishning |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 2 types of CT in papilla of hair |
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Definition
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|
Term
| germinal layer within bulb of hair |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| which stratum of epidermis does hair matrix arise from |
|
Definition
| hair matrix: from stratum basale |
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|
Term
| part of hair responsible for hair growth |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| smooth muscle on skin that causes goose bump |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| dendrites of neurons that surround each hair follicle and are sensitive to touch & movement |
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Definition
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|
Term
| responsible for nail growth |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| where do most oil glands secret the oil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| true/false: sebum inhibits growth of bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most sweat glands; secretions in duct on skin surface |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| location of appocrine glands |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| sweat glands that excrete viscous secretion in hair follicle |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| true/false: cerruminous glands are modified oil glands |
|
Definition
| FALSE: Cerumious glands: modified sweat glands |
|
|
Term
| what does thin skin lack? |
|
Definition
1. stratum lucidum
2. epidermal ridges
3. few sweat glands |
|
|
Term
| what does thick skin lack? |
|
Definition
1. hair follicles
2. sebaceous glands |
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|
Term
| most active form of vitamin D produced by enzymes in liver and kidney |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| cells of epidermis stop moving toward each other in epidermal wound healing |
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|
Term
| first stage in deep wound healing: inflamation |
|
Definition
1. formation of blood clot
2. intense blood flow to region to provide WBC |
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|
Term
| 2nd step in deep wound healing: migratory phase |
|
Definition
1. beginning of growth of epithelial cells
2. scar tissue forms from fibroblasts |
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|
Term
| 3rd step in deep wound healing: proliferative phase |
|
Definition
| completion of tissue formation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. dense collagen fibers
2. fewer blood vessels |
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