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Definition
| also known as adaptive immunity, a vertebrate-specific defense that is mediated by B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells) and that exhibits specificity, memory, and self-nonself recognition |
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Definition
| Long-lasting immunityconferred by the action of B cells and T cells and the resulting B and T memory cells specific for a pathogen. Active immunity can develop as a result of natural infection or immunization. |
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| AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) |
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Definition
| the symptoms and signs in the late stages of HIV infection defined by a specific reduction in the number of T cells and the apperance of characteristic secondary infection. |
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| a protein secreted by plasma cells (differentiated B cells) that bind to a particular antigen, also called immunoglobulin. All antibodies have the same Y-shaped structure and in their monomer form consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains [image] |
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| a substance that elicits an immune response by binding to receptors of B or T cells[image] |
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| the process in which an MHC molecule binds to a fragment of an intracellular protein antigen and carries it to the cell surface, where it is displayed and can be recognized by a T cell |
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| the general term for the surface protein, located in B cells and T cells, that bind the antigen, initiating adaptive immune responses. The antigen receptors on B cells are called B cells receptors and the antigen receptors on T cells are called T cells receptors. |
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Definition
| a cell that upon ingesting pathogens or internalizing pathogen proteins generates peptide fragments that are bounded by II MHC molecules and subquently displayed on the cell surface to T cells. Macrophagen, dendritic cells, and B cells are primary antigen-presenting cells . |
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Definition
| an immunological disorder in which the immune system turns against self. |
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| the lymphocytes that complete their development in the bone marrow and become effector cells for the humoral immune response. |
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| an accessory protein on the helper T surface that binds to the class II MHC molecule helping keep the cells joined. |
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Definition
| an accessory protein that helps keep the two cells in contact while the cytotoxin T cell is active |
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Term
| Cell-mediated immune response |
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Definition
| the branch of adaptive immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells |
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Definition
| the process by which an antigen selectively binds to and activates only those lymphocytes receptors specific for the antigen. The selected lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate into a clone of effector cells and a clone of specific cells specific for the stimulating antigen. |
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Definition
| a group of about 30 blood proteins that may amplify the imflamatory response, enhance phagocytosis, or directly lyse extracellular pathogens |
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Definition
| a small protein release by cells that has a specific effect on the interactions between cells |
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Definition
| a type of lymphocyte that when activate, kills infected cells, as well as certain cancer cells and tranplanted cells. |
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Definition
| an antigen-presenting cell, located mainly in lymphatic tissues and skin, that is particularly efficient in presenting antigens to helper T cells, thereby initiating a primary immune response |
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Definition
| 1. a muscle cell or gland cell that carries out the body's response to stimuli as directed by signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system. 2. a lymphocyte that has undergone clonal selection and is capable of mediating an adaptive immune response |
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Definition
| a normal type of white blood cells that has a coarse granules within cytoplasm, they are produced in the bone marrow an migrate through tissues throughout the body |
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Definition
| a small, accessible region of an antigen to which antigen receptor or antibody binds |
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Definition
| one of the two types of polypeptide chains that make up an antibody molecule and B cell receptor; consist of a variable region, which contributes to the antigen-binding site, and a constant region |
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Definition
| a type of T cell that, when activated, secreted cytokines that promote the response of B cells (cell-mediated response) and cytotoxic T cell (cell-mediated response) to antigen |
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Definition
| a substance released by mast cells that causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable in inflammatory and allergic responses |
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Term
| human chorionic gonadotropin (hcG) |
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Definition
| is a hormone that supports the normal development of an egg in a woman's ovary, and stimulates the release of the egg during ovulation. Uses to treat infertility in women |
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Definition
| the branch of adaptive immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids |
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Definition
| an organism's system of defenses against agents that cause disease. |
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Definition
| the process of generating a state of immunity by artificial means. In vaccination, an inactive or weakened form of a pathogen is administered, inclucing B and T cell responses and immunological memory. In passive immunization, antibodies specific for a particular pathogen are administered, conferring immediate but temporary protection |
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Definition
| or immune deficiency, is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromises or entirely absent |
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| an innate immune defense triggered by physical injury of infection of tissue involving the release of substances that promote swelling, enhance the infiltration of white blood cells, and aid in tissue repair and destruction of invading pathogen |
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| a form of defense common to all animals that is active immediately upon exposure to a pathogen and that is the same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered previously |
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Definition
| a protein that has antiviral or immune regulatory functions. Interferon-α and interferon-β, secreted by virus-infected cells, helps nearby cells resist viral infection; interferon-γ, secreted by T cells, helps activate macrophages |
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Definition
| one of the two types of polypeptide chains that make up an antibody molecule and B cell receptor; consists of a variable region. |
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Definition
| a type of white blood cells that mediates immune responses. The two main classes are B cells and T cells |
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Definition
| an enzyme that destroys bacterial cell walls; in mammals, it is found in sweat, tears, and saliva |
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Definition
| a phagocytic cell present in many tissues that functions in innate immunity by destroying microbes and in acquired immunity as an antigen-presenting cell |
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| major histocompatability complex (MHG) molecule |
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Definition
| a host protein that functions in antigen presentation. Foreign MHC molecules on transplanted tissue can trigger T cell responses that that may lead to rejection of the transplant. |
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Definition
| a vertebrate body cell that produces histamine and other molecules that trigger inflammation in response to infection and in allergic reactions |
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Definition
| one of a clone of long-lived lymphocytes, formed during the primary immune response, that remains in the lymphoid organ until activated by exposure to the same antigen that triggered its formation. Activated memory cells mount the secondary immune response |
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Definition
| any of the preparations of antibodies that have been produced by a single clone of cultured cells and thus are all specific for the same epitope |
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Definition
| a type of white blood cells that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells as part of innate immunity. |
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Definition
| the most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tent to self destruct as they sestroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days |
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Definition
| short term immunity conferred by the transfered by antibodies, as occurs in the transfer of maternal antibodies to a fetus or nursing infant |
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Definition
| an organism or virus that causes disease |
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| a type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances or small organisms are taken up by a cell. it is carried out by some protists and by a certain immune cells of animal (in mammals, mainly macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) |
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Definition
| the antibody-secreting effector cell of humoral immunity. Plasma cells arise from antigen-stimulated B cells. |
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Definition
| the initial adaptive immune response to an antigen, which appears after a lag of 10-17 days |
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| secondary immune response |
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Definition
| the adaptive immune response elicited on second or subsequent exposures to a particular antigen. The secondary immune response is more rapid, of greater magnitude, and of longer duration than the primary immune response |
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Definition
| the class of lymphocytes that mature in thymus; they include both effector cells for the cell-mediated immune response and helper cells required for both branches of adaptive immunity. |
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Definition
| a molecule found on the surface of T lymphocyte (T cells) that is responsible for recognizing antigens bound to MHC molecules. |
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Definition
| a small organ in the thoracic cavity of vertebrates where maturation of T cells is completed. |
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Term
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Definition
| a membrane receptor on a phagocytic white blood cell that recognizes fragments of molecules common to a seet of pathogens. |
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