Term
| BLOODY stool, focal necrosis of the large intestine, worried about LIVER ABSCESSES, round trophozoite with DARK EYE NUCLEUS, cyst with 1-4 NUCLEI |
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Definition
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Term
| FOUL DIARRHEA, cramps, AMBER cysts with Iodine, resistant to Cl-, METRO or TINIDAZOLE, looks like a face |
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Definition
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Term
| Resistant to Cl-, watery diarrhea, MODIFIED AF STAIN, very common in CHILDREN UNDER 5, rehydrate |
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Definition
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Term
| Similar to Crypto, also MOD AF STAIN, large cysts for one of these two organisms, treat with BACTRIM (TRIMETH/SULF) |
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Definition
| Iospora belli, Cyclospora (Usually an outbreak) |
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Term
| Obtained through sexual contact, "STRAWBERRY CERVIX," smelly, green, homogenous excretion, makes Grant want to go down on the girl, tx METRO/TINID for BOTH PARTNERS |
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Definition
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Term
| This one has a dead giveaway key word that is being left out. It causes lymphatic pain, CNS, lung and eye infections. Reproduces intracellularly. Very common in AIDS patients. Dx by rising IgG titer. Tx PYRIMETHAMINE SULFADIAZINE |
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Definition
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Term
| Get it from swimming in freshwater. No host. Causes PAM, Cyst/tropho/flagellated stages. Causes brain necroses, and in about 72 hours you are not alive (see dead). 95% mortality. Dx Corneal Biopsy or meningitis + (CSF w/o bacteria or fungi), Tx AmphoB |
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Definition
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Term
Get it from swimming in FRESHWATER through LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT or OPEN WOUNDS. No host. Causes PAM, Cyst/tropho (no flagellated) stages. AMEBIC KERATITIS specific to this organism (corneal ulcers). Causes brain necroses, 95% mortality. Dx Corneal Biopsy or meningitis + (CSF w/o bacteria or fungi), Tx AmphoB
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Definition
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Term
| Study the Plasmodium Pages of the Syllabus |
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Definition
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Term
| Flagella, KINETOPLAST stains dark, Winterbottom's sign, Tse Tse Fly, 3 STAGES OF INFECTION: acute, systemic and CNS. Dx Thick/Thin blood, Tx SURAMIN (blood) or MELARSOPROL (chronic) |
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Definition
| African Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, rhodesiense) |
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Term
| A recent immigrant from Central America presents of fever. His doctor found an enlarged heart and moderate arrhythmia. He also had megacolon. Oh, and there are AMASTIGOTES (non-flagellated protozoa in cardiac muscle). What is it and what can you do? |
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Definition
| American Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma cruzi). He has Chagas' disease (where the REDUVIID bug mimics Ryan by biting your lip and then shitting on the open wound). You can't do anything. If it was early you could give Nifurtimox. |
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Term
| SANDFLY from rodents, bite ULCERATES, NASOPHARYNGEAL DAMAGE, MASSIVE HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY, pancytopenia, Giemsa stain blood to diagnose. What is it and what is the treatment? |
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Definition
| Leishmania donovani (Leishmaniasis, "Kala-Azar") Tx with Na+ stibogluconate |
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Term
| TICKS, northeastern seaboard, hepatosplenomegaly, higher incidence when SPLEEN IS REMOVED, Usually untreated. Presents similar to Malaria. |
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Definition
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Term
| Your son is scratching his ass and you're worried that he might like it a little too much so you try and "hit the homo out of him." You go to jail for a long time, and learn that sexuality is surprisingly adaptive to your life's circumstances. What other symptoms would your child have and how is this treated (and the name of the bug)? |
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Definition
| Enterobius vermicularis (a pinworm). Probably from day care facility, use SCOTCH TAPE. Possibly diarrhea and allergies. Tx Pyrantel PAMOATE for whole family. |
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Term
| Fecal oral transmission, cough up and swallow it, 20-35 cm long, abdominal pain, gut obstruction, Loeffler's. Dx eggs in FORMALIN samples, THICK WALLED, AMBER with Iodine stain. Organism and Tx? |
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Definition
| Ascaris lumbricoides Tx ALBENDAZOLE #1 |
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Term
| SE USA, secondary bacterial infection, eggs with THICK WHITE CAPS at ends. Organism and Tx? |
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Definition
| Tricuris trichuria Tx Mebendazole |
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Term
| Pig farmer visits his doctor with muscle aches and facial edema. This was preceded two weeks ago with diarrhea. He has EOSINOPHILIA, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and a muscle biopsy shows cysts with LARVAE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE. Organism and disease? |
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Definition
| Trichinella spiralis (Trichinosis) Tx An Azole |
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Term
| FILARIFORM THRU SKIN, hypochorm anemia, THIN OVAL EGG, not amber or bile stained. Loeffler's. Takes in a blood meal, get it from WALKING BAREFOOT. Cough up and swallow. |
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Definition
| Ancycolostomiasis (hookworm) Tx Mebendazole |
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Term
| PERIPHERAL EOSINOPHILIA, SE USA and Asia, reproduces in the soil, FEMALE IS PARASITIC, bile occlusion, symptoms of a PEPTIC ULCER. Organism and Tx? |
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Definition
| Strongyloides Tx Ivermectin |
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Term
| Contact with a dog or cat, RASH, EOSINOPHILIC, visual impairment, Dx PET FECES |
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Definition
| Toxicara canis (Tx reduce exposure) |
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Term
| infects LYMPHATICS, TISSUE ENLARGEMENT, Mosquito, recurring fever, MICROFILARIE in BLOOD, elephantiasis (I told someone I had this in 8th grade as a statement of proof that my balls were bigger). |
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Definition
| Filariasis (Tx surgery or diethylcarbam.) Wuchereria bancrofti |
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Term
| BLACKFLY in Africa, preference for SKIN/EYES, 5% blindness, Dx is microfilarie. |
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Definition
| Onchocerciasis (TX Ivermectin) organism is Onchocerca volvulus |
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Term
| CALABAR SWELLINGS (didn't really talk about this one, but whatever). also transmitted (in the motherland, Africa) by Chrysops fly. |
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Definition
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Term
| SNAIL VECTOR, Urinary symptoms, if its chronic you have granulomas, SWIMMER'S ITCH in Great Lakes region, SPINES, granuloma on biopsy. What is it and what's the treatment? |
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Definition
| Schistosomes (blood fluke). Tx Praziquantel. mansoni = lateral, japonicum = round, hematobium = terminal |
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Term
| RUSTY SPUTUM. That's all the info you get. |
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Definition
| Paragonimus w. (Lung Fluke) Tx Praziquantel |
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Term
| Vague abdominal discomfort (like when we hold farts in in the LRC because there is a cute girl within hearing distance. By the way, I love the way the seats absorb smells), Chronic Indigestion, RARELY SYMPTOMMATIC, People who eat contaminated pork or beef. Organism, Dx, Tx? |
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Definition
| Taenia solium (pork), or saginata (beef). Distinguish by proglottid segments. Dx radiography, Tx PRAZIQUANTEL |
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Term
| LARGE CIRCULAR MASS IN THE LIVER (for example), hyatidosis from dogs or cats, symptoms are organ dependent, large cysts resemble tumors, Dx MRI or CAT scans. Stool samples are not helpful. |
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Definition
| Echinococcus (Tx surgery) |
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Term
| You just ate raw fish and are worried that that you might have just ingested the largest parasite of humans. It can reach 10m long and 2cm wide (it's the Grant of human parasites). It's usually asymptomatic. B12 def is sometimes seen. Dx oval, bile-stained 45x90um operculated eggs in feces (whatever that means. I didn't highlight it, but it sounded nice). |
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Definition
| Diphyllobothrim latum (fish tapeworm) Tx varies |
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Term
| CIGAR SHAPED YEAST, pyriform rosette clustered conidiophores, Painless papule, ROSE THORN INOCULATION, ASTEROID BODIES, spreads through lymphatics distally, Pulmonary disease is serious and occurs in the immunosuppressed. Two different treatments. |
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Definition
| Sporotrychosis (itraconazole for lymphocutaneous, amphoB for dissemenated). Sporothrix schenckii, dimorphic. |
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Term
| localized, chronic infection of the skin, CAULIFLOWER LIKE, often in people who aren't wearing shoes, slowly growing DEMATIACEOUS fungi, SCLEROTIC BODIES are diagnostic |
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Definition
| Chromomycosis (Tx is surgery because lesions aren't vascularized) |
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Term
| acquired from soil (too), lesions are in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia and BONE, eventually drain by formation of SINUS TRACTS, may see GRAINS in the sinus tract drainage which are compact micro colonies of the pathogen (useful for Dx) |
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Definition
| Mycetomas (Pseudallescheria boydii) |
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Term
| An old man goes to Palm Springs, CA to hang with his homies. When he returned he developed flu like symptoms, chest pain and ARTHRALGIAS. The lab tells you that their growth showed BARREL-SHAPED ARTHROCONDIDIA separated by DISJUNCTOR CELLS. What is it, and what morph is the tissue phase, and what morph is infectious? |
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Definition
| Coccidioides immitis (IgM and IgG not protective, in soil in SW USA). Tx Azole. SPHERULES containing ENDOSPORES are the tissue phase. The spherule ruptures and the endospores are the infectious agents. |
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Term
| A lot like TB, severity related to dose, microcondidia are infectious, TUBERCULATED MACROCONDIDIA are diagnostic, intracellular (in monocytes/macrophages) OVAL YEASTS at elevated temperatures. (Two dead giveaway features are being left out) |
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Definition
| Histoplasma capsulatum; left out the bird/bat guano feature and Mississippi river valley location. Tx is AmphoB |
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Term
| A man from Missouri develops weakness and night sweats, he has MICROABSCESSES on his HANDS, FACE, and MUCOCUTANEOUS areas (nose). A biopsy reveals a LARGE, THICK-WALLED YEAST with a BROAD-BASED BUD. What is it and what do you treat it with? |
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Definition
| Blastomyces dermatitidis, Tx Itraconazole or AmphoB for serious infection. Systemic infection often occurs in the absence of lung disease, and commonly involves the CNS. |
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Term
| SHIP'S WHEEL YEAST (must observe tissue phase to confirm this organism), often indistinguishable from B. dermatitidis, most people have benign, self-limiting infection with development of CMI response. |
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Definition
| Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Mould phase on solid media followed by dimorphic conversion to rule out B. dermatitidis. Tx Azole |
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Term
| Afflicts AIDS patients in SE Asia. Mimic's Molluscum Contagiosum-like lesions of the face and trunk. Mould phase may have DIFFUSIBLE RED PIGMENT. Tx is unique. Organism, treatment? |
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Definition
| Penicillium marneffei. Amphotericin B with or without 5-FC followed by itraconazole for suppression. |
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Term
| This organism is like a sober guy at a bar in Cancun during spring break: and opportunist. It's part of your normal enteric flora, infection is usually endogenous (especially in burn patients), see it in cystitis, vaginitis and oral thrush; exacerbated in areas of chronic moisture; attacks people with genetic defects in leukocyte function. Confirmed by (a dead giveaway) and presence of CHLAMYDOCONDIDIA. Tx is dependent on presentation. You get WHITE CREAMY COLONIES after 24-48 hours of incubation. |
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Definition
| Candida albicans. Dead giveaway was the GERM TUBE TEST. |
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Term
| PIGEON SHIT, negative germ tube test, POLYSACCHARIDE CAPSULE, has a predilection for the CNS. Dx INDIA INK on CSF for demonstration of capsule, CSF is specimen of choice, Serologic Dx is LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST for the detection of POLYSACCHARIDE, Tx is unique |
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Definition
| Cryptococcus neoformans. Tx AMPHOB + 5 FLUOROCYTOSINE. This is the #1 fatal fungal infection in AIDS pts. |
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Term
| MONOMORPHIC MOULD, Condidiophores with terminal vesicle and PHIALIDES producing CHAINS of conidia, there is a DISEASE SPECTRUM (5x), NEUTROPENIA predisposes in immunocomprimised patients, 45 DEGREE ANGLE BRANCHING, Deposits in lung cavity that was previously formed (i.e. TB), Hyphae grow within cavity but do not invade |
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Definition
Aspergillus fumigatus. Tx is surgery to remove asperigilloma or other treatments for different types.
5 Diseases: Asperigilloma, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis, Mycotoxicoses |
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Term
| Bread moulds, white cottony mould after 1-2 days, NON-SEPTATE hyphae, SPORANGIA and SPORANGIOSPORES, Three different species with distinct structures (on the other side of the card), extremely acute and fulminant, respiratory portal of entry, causes RHINOCEREBRAL INFECTION, associated with KETOACIDOTIC DIABETES. BROAD NON-SEPTATE HYPHAE WITH 90 DEGREE ANGLE BRANCHING |
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Definition
| Zygomycetes: rhizopus (opposite), absidia (between), mucor (absent). Tx is surgical resection or AmphoB |
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Term
| Pulmonary infection SECONDARY TO IMMUNOSUPPRESSION, inhaled, CMI important, INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS and PLASMA CELL INFILTRATION. CD4+, macrophage defense is important in host response, Dx ID in lung tissues, Tx is important |
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Definition
| Pneumocystis jiroveci, Tx Sulfa/Trimeth |
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Term
| Dermatophytes: what are the macro and microconidia profiles of Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton |
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Definition
Epidermophyton = Macro only
Microsporum = Macro and few Micro (Micro has few Micro)
Trichophyton = Micro and few Macro |
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