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| 1689--the beginning of England's "Bloodless" Revolution, end of reign of the Stuart monarch Jame II |
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| The year 1776 symbolizes, the American Revolution, with its denunciation of Britain's King George III |
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| A Medieval fortress, the Bastille was invaded in 1453, marking the start of the French Revolution |
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| "Life, Liberty, Property" is associated with the American Revolution. |
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| The writing which most inspired the French Revolution: Rousseau's Social Contract |
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| Religion, as well as the lure of wealth, was an important motive for European explorations |
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| Even after four voyages to the New World, Columbus was convinced that he had reached Asia |
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| Disease was a major factor facilitating the Spanish conquests in the New World |
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| Many early Spanish explorers believed that the indigenous people had no religion and could thus be easily converted to Christianity |
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| Mercantilist economists assumed that the amount of trade in the world was static, so that a country could increase its trade and wealth only by diminishing that of others |
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| Cardinal Mazarin was dismissed from office in France for his inability to suppress the revolt known as the Fronde |
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| Louis XIV used his grand palace at Verailles in part to attract important members of the nobility away from important local centers of power |
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| The English Puritans were noted for their strong insistence on strict moral practices while showing indifference to the doctrines and practices of the Anglican Church |
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| Oliver Crommwell, although he rose to power because the king and the Parliament could not cooperate, was himself unable to work effectively with Parliament |
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| Charles II of England, unlike his Catholic brother, undertook strongly Protestant religious policies in England |
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| The Glorious Revolution in England changed the monarch, established constitutional monarchy with a Bill of Rights, and insured that the king or queen would be Protestant |
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| Kepler demonstrated only two of the three basic laws of planetary motion |
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| Galileo's Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World was condemned by censors but approved by the church |
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| The Enlightenment failed to translate the complex scientific ideas of Kepler, Galileo, and Newton into language understandable by non-scientists |
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| One of the most important contributions of women to the Enlightenment was to serve as hostess for the salons |
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As reviewed in our study of the "Three Revolutions," the American Revolution alone:
a.resulted in the execution of the overthrown monarch
b.created a Bill of Rights, protecting individual freedoms
c.left the overthrown monarch in power
d.attempted to restore government to its proper function, protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens |
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| C.left the overthrown monarch in power |
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The Chinese explorer Cheng Ho:
a.was lost at sea during his second voyage, attempting to colonize South Africa
b.led at least six successful voyages outside of the Chinese waters, showing great navigational skill
c.was a Buddhist, in contrast to most Chinese of his day
d.discovered Japan
e.sailed across the Pacific to the California coast, and thus established China Town |
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| B.led at least six successful voyages outside of the Chinese waters, showing great navigational skill |
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As articulated during the French Revolution, the "Rights of Man and Citizen" were written by:
a.the deposed French king, trying to retake power
b.the French nobles of the Second Estate
C. the National Assembly
d. Robespierre, during the Reign of Terror
e. Napoleon |
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The "Ages of Louis XIV" saw all of the following EXCEPT:
a. a major flowering of French literature and theatre
b. a development in the visual arts, moving from baroque to classical style
c. 4 attempts, though unsuccessful, to promote industry and increase exports through government subsidy
d. for an attempt to increase social equality by curbing the privileges of the nobility
e. celebration of the "courier" life, the excitement and vitality of royalty |
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| D. for an attempt to increase social equality by curbing the privileges of the nobility |
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As shown in the video clip, Sir Isaac Newton became fascinated with this illegal activity:
a. the lottery
b. The slave trade
c. Alchemy
d. Witchcraft
e. The Flat Earth Society |
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A major goal of European exploration was to...
a. determine whether the earth was round or flat by looking for its edge
b. prove that Prolemy's idea of the size of the earth was wrong
c. establish a direct trade route with the sources for the silks and spices, and bypass Islamic middlemen
d. locate the closest planet able to sustain human life, as a precaution against global warming
e. make science a commercial success, finding a profit-making application for all inventions |
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| C. establish a direct trade route with the sources for the silks and spices, and bypass Islamic middlemen |
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Portuguese exploration accomplished all of the following EXCEPT:
a. rounding Africa to reach India
b. discovering "Prester John"
c. establishing a string of outposts to control the spice trade
d. striking a dramatic blow to the Muslim economy by challenging its shipping monopoly in the Indian Ocean
e. creating a "school of navigation," training a generation of explorers |
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| B. discovering "Prester John" |
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European exploration was made easier by...
a. the collapse of Islamic empires
b. the great success of the Crusades
c. improve ships, sails, and navigational equipment
the cooperativeness of the various European monarchs
confirmation of the "geo-centric" theory, proposed by Brache |
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| C. improve ships, sails, and navigational equipment |
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Which of the following statements is NOT true of northern European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries?
a. The Cabots found huge numbers of cod, but their voyage was considered a failure because it neither reached Asia nor returned with spices
b. In their explorations, French, Dutch, and English agreed to abide by the restrictions agreed to by Spain and Portugal in the Treaty of Tordesillas
c. the Dutch fought the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean and took over the latter's monopoly on the spice trade
d. An important part of this exploration was a search for a passage through North America |
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| B. In their explorations, French, Dutch, and English agreed to abide by the restrictions agreed to by Spain and Portugal in the Treaty of Tordesillas |
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Cortes and Pizarro were able to conquer the Aztec and the Inca empires because the...
a. religious beliefs of the Aztec and Incas inclined them to pacifism
b. Spaniards outnumbered their opponents by at least two to one
c. Spaniards possessed guns and steel weapons and were partially immune to diseases that devastated native populations
d. native military leaders were inept |
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| C. Spaniards possessed guns and steel weapons and were partially immune to diseases that devastated native populations |
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In the "commercial revolution" of the 16th Century, which of the following did NOT occur?
a. reduced government trade barrier and economic regulation
b. major inflation
c. commercial capitalism, complete with the development of joint-stock companies
d. enormous expansion of European markets as a result of exploration |
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| A. reduced government trade barrier and economic regulation |
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Largely established the borders of Modern Europe:
a. Peace of Westphalia
b. Treaty of Utrecht
c. Treaty of Tordealles
d. Council of Nicea
e. Geographic features |
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In a letter to his patron, Christopher Columbus...
a. exaggerated his findings, spiritualized its significance and hoped for more funding
b. admitted fail and offered his resignation
c. declared himself the "King of America," claiming all colonies once under the Spanish and Portuguese
d. described the coastline of India, characterized its people, and revealed that French explorers were first to arrive |
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| A. exaggerated his findings, spiritualized its significance and hoped for more funding |
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The theory presented by Copernicus implied that...
a. Stars in the night sky were actually allusions
b. the earth was one of several objects circling the sun
c. Gravity kept the universe together, explaining how planets orbited larger bodies
d. Germs were the cause of illness, not exposure to water or air, as many feared
e. Intermarriage among Europe's leading families preserved the gene pool. |
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| B. the earth was one of several objects circling the sun |
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In his policies, Peter the Great of Russia did all of the following EXCEPT:
a. introduce Western customs into Russia, bringing woman out of seclusion
b. travel to western Europe to learn about politics and technology
c. wage a series of wars that made Russia a European power
d. introduced constitutional monarchy into Russia |
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| D. introduced constitutional monarchy into Russia |
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| wished to purify the Church of England but also daily life by outlawing theatres, cock-fighting, and other "frivolous" activities |
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| The Civil War in England... |
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| resulted in a parliamentary victory over Charles I, who was captured |
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| Cromwell's political power in England was based on his... |
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| control of the army, with the resulting military dictatorship |
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| As shown in the study, Louis the XIV is often viewed as an "absolute monarch" based on... |
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| Authority (more than power), due to his legitimacy |
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| The Glorious Revolution in England... |
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| Led to William of Orange coming to the English throne, caused in part by the Catholic polities of James II, and led to the reduction of Ireland to virtual colonial status |
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| John Locke, in "The Second Treaties of Government"... |
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| argued the people had made a contract with the king and could dispose the monarch if he broke the contract |
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| The Dutch Republic in the 17th Century was noted for its... |
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| prosperity and religious toleration |
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| The religious attitude of most early scientists was... |
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| that they were investigating a universe created by God |
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| offered the first real proof of the Copernican hypothesis by discovering the three laws of planetary motion |
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| Newton made many important scientific discoveries, the most important of which was the... |
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| discovered how gravitation holds the universe together |
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| The importance of Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes in the Scientific Revolution stems from their... |
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| ideas on observation, experimentation, and mathematics, which helped establish the methodology of science |
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| Enlightenment thinkers admired the psychology of John Locke, who argued that... |
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| the human mind was blank at birth, and thus schools and society should mold people from childhood to adulthood |
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| During the Enlightenment,... |
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| introduced constitutional monarchy into Russia |
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Which of the following is NOT true about woman in the Enlightenment?
a.Emilie du Chatelet was an important aide to Voltaire
b. Mary Astell and Mary Wollstonecraft both emphasized female education
c. Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the editors of the "Encyclopedia all argued that women should play an active political role
d. Juile de Lespinasse and Marie-Therese Geoffrin held important gatherings for Enlightenment intellectuals |
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| C. Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the editors of the "Encyclopedia all argued that women should play an active political role |
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| This Venetian merchant traveled to China and wrote a book oh his experiences, which later inspired Europe's Age of Discovery |
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(Fill in the Blank)
This Italian explore completed four trans-Atlantic voyages and, until his death, always believed that he had arrived on the outskirts of Asia |
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The Spanish explorer whose crew completed a voyage around the world; he himself was killed in a local war in the Philippines |
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The first European to sail directly to India |
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For Europeans at the beginning of the era of exploration, much of their information about the world came from the classical Greek geographer |
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This French philosopher, visiting England, admired its tolerant society and government by consent |
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The Spanish conqueror of Mexico was... |
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(Fill in the Blank)
The Spanish conqueror of Peru was... |
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(Fill in the Blank)
An important natural historian, who described and illustrated the plants and animals of Surinam in northeastern South America |
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A major innovation in map projections that enable sailors to plot straight-line courses was made by this Flemish cartographer |
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The "Great Elector" of Brandenburg-Prussia, he succeeded because he prevailed over the Estates, raised a strong army, and gave nobles greater control over the serfs |
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Strengthened royal authority by curbing the powers of the nobility and the Huguenots (French Protestants) |
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In his policies, this Russian leader introduce Western customs into Russia, bringing woman out of seclusion; traveled to Western Europe to learn about politics and technology; and, waged a series of wars that made Russia a European power |
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(Fill in the Blank)
The political power of this British leaders was based on his control of the army, with the resulting military dictatorship |
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