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born in 1896 in st. paul Minnesota
-mothers name is molly.
-he had a very pampered childhood
-had two sisters who died at childbirth
-mother was the daughter of the reverend -fitzy was very proud of heritage
-family moved to New York, then lost money and moved back to St. Paul
-in school, he strived to be popular
-he got his first work published in high school at 13
-16 years old: attended private school in New Jersey
-went to Princeton college and met a professor who motivated him
-he enrolled in the army, but war never happened |
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Fitzgerald’s literary career |
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Definition
-career began at Princeton
-he wrote for the Princeton tiger, the school publication
-he dropped out the army before he ever went to war
-he wrote his first book that got rejected, then rejected again, then accepted uner the name “this side of paradise”
-his career took off after that book
-also wrote about the jazz age in “the great Gatsby” which was not a success until after his death
-also wrote “the beautiful and the damned”
-he had a lot of money but he feared the new life which he wrote about in “the beautiful and the damned” -wrote about flappers and philosophers and tales of the jazz age -also wrote “all these sad men”
-didn’t write for a while after alcohol problems |
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Fitzgeralds’s adult life and Marriage |
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Definition
-life was wasted and early death
-engaged to Zelda sare who was a “southern bell”
-zelda broke off marriage and then back on when he got famous
-known for their partying but got in huge fights
-lived beyond their means, in lots of debt
-had a daughter named “Scotty” -moved to france where he wrote “the great Gatsby”
-went into debt with his wife’s illness and his daughter’s too
. -he had a mental collapse and began his alcoholism
-got back on his feet but not for long,
-died at 44 of heart attack in 1940
-zelda had an affair in france, which didn’t help relationship |
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-born in Montgomery, Alabama in 1900, youngest of 6 children
-spoiled by parents
-met fitzy at station, sent love letter which he used in his books
-when he got published, she married him
-they partied and spent money, they were “socialites”
-became flappers -inspired characters for fitzy’s writing
-tried artistic expression but had a mental breakdown and had to stay in hospitals for the rest of her life died in 1948-was in a sanitorium and locked in a room when the mental hospital caught fire and she burned to death
-wrote book called “save me the waltz” in 1932 about her relationship but fitzgerald stole most of her ideas |
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Fitzgerald’s relationship with Ernest Hemingway |
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Definition
-unconventional and short friendship
-began in paris in 1925 when fitz was 28 and hemingway was 25
-fitz was already a published writer, but hemingway was only a little published
-fitz decided to take him under his wing and help his career but heminway didn’t return the love -vocal in his dislike of Zelda
-strongest part of relationship relationship was 1925-1926 -hemingway continued the attacks and there are letters from his publicist that hemingway would gossip was fitz
-hemingway wrote “sun also rises” about fitz
-they were frenemies -there were rumors that they were gay together, terrified zelda |
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• Impacted society:
o 1893—first American automobile manufacturing company: Duryea wagon company
o 1902—Old motor vehicle company “Ods mobile”
o 1902—Ford—Cadillac—popular
o Winton Motor Carriage Company—popular
o Wealthy, status, fun, racing o Life developed around cars
o Brick roads layered with asphalt
o Drive-in movies o New jobs—little pay
o Few traffic regulations |
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• Drastic clothing change
• Younger women wore short skirts, slits, easy to dance in
• Low-cut dresses, tight-fitted shirts
• Jean Patou—designer—2 piece shorts / slits, sportswear
• Elsa Schiaparelli—tunics to modern fashion
o Simple, elegant gowns
•Men:
o Sacque suit—big o More colors of suits / shirts / silk ties with patterns
o Bowler hats o Black patent leather pants
o Knicker-bockers—low shorts, big pockets
o Jazz clothing in, then out of style quickly
o Shoes—laced up, 2 toned |
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• Inferior to men • Suffragists:
1. Susan B. Anthony
o Tried to vote in the 1872 Pres. Election
o Susan B. Anthony Amendment
2. Lucy Stone o Merged with Susan to create: 1869—National American Women’s Suffrage Association
3. Elizabeth Caddy Stanton o You know, she was there and stuff
• All three rallied
• 13 states in west, 2 in east granted women’s suffrage (portray values)
• 19th Amendment of 1919
• Tennessee—1920—last to give suffrage |
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• Louie Armstrong, Duke Ellington, George Gushwan
• TV: Winnie the Pooh, Betty Boop, Mickey Mouse
• Charlie Chaplin:
o Silent movie actor
o Idle Class, A Woman in Paris, The Kid
• Oct. 1927 Warner Bros first movie
• 1st Miss America Contest 1921
• Magic—Popular—Houdini
• First radio broadcast 1920 |
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• Demand for jobs (good) little pay (not good)
• Goods that they were manufacturing were too expensive for ordinary people to buy
• Made too much stuff, overlay, people fired
• Black Thursday—Oct 24, 1929
o Everyone sold their stocks
o Stocks went down in value the next day
o Black Tues—Oct. 29, 1929
• Led to Great Depression
• Stock Market Crash
• Housing Market was bad |
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• 1920-1929 • change in entertainment after WWI • Warren Harding President: 1921 • Refusal to face responsibility • Died from heart attack in 1923 • Coolidge continues inactivity • Americans can do anything • Things are exotic and extravagant • Comedy is popular • Dress/style is different • End of Puritanism • Beginning of promiscuous identities • Less strict society • Smoking and dancing clubs • Jazz began in New Orleans among Africans Americans • Spread from Chicago, to New York and then west coast • Music is made for dancing • Scared older generations • Term “jazz age” coined by Fitzgerald |
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• Aspects of 1920s magnified in NYC • Great things but negative also like the KKK • Harlem renaissance • Africans move north into Harlem after the civil war • African literature, art, music and dance are evolving • Many Europeans also immigrate to NYC • Henry ford mass produced the car • Cities built up with skyscrapers • Most famous in NYC Empire State building • Built by Starret Brother and Ekan • Architecture is a modernization of past styles • Prohibition • Many speakeasies (100,000) |
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• Coined by James Adams • Write short book on America called “Epic of America” • Says every citizen can improve their lives in any way • Priority of Americans to keep the dream alive • American dream present before term coined • Shown on Statue of Liberty by the quote about giving me your dirty and poor immigrants • Stems from declaration of independence and the first amendment (life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness) • Common idea throughout settlement • America provides you with more opportunities than other nations |
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• Upper class form society to rule supreme • Shut themselves off from society • Restricted in terms of membership • Areas in Long Island are good and others are bad • Sans point= good desirable area with old money • Great Neck=celebrities, not desirable • Society reflected in story “Diamond as Big As the Ritz” • Want to keep wealth secret so they kill whoever comes near the diamond • Intricate family connections and power • Old rich • Wealth = happiness • Materialistic ideology • Society causes Americans to think that this society will lead to corruption and the downfall of society • Also thought that they have power but they left behind moral values |
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• Federal amendment 18th January 1919 • Prohibit alcohol and all processes concerned with it • Temperance societies call for limits on alcohol • Anti Saloon league of America founded by Howard Russel • Use religion and scare tactics • 1916 23/48 states had already passed some type of antiliquor laws • Hoover called it a great social and economic expansion • Dry=supporters of prohibition • Wet=against prohibition • Alcohol consumption drop 33% • Legal alcohol for medicinal purposes was expensive and limited • Could get illegal alcohol from bootleggers in black market • Alcohol more available to rich and not policed for them at all • Little done by government to enforce law • Repealed in 1933 as 21st amendment under Roosevelt |
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