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The Federal Bureaucracy: Vocab
Definitions of vocabulary regarding the federal bureacracy
22
Political Studies
12th Grade
03/03/2010

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Term
bureaucracy
Definition
A set of complex hierarchical departments, agencies, commisions, and their staffs that exist to help a chief executive officer carry out his or her duty to enforce the law
Term
patronage
Definition
jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support
Term
spoils system
Definition
the firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party and their replacement with loyalists of the newly elected party
Term
Pendleton Act
Definition
reform meausure that created the Civil Service Commission to administer a partial merit system. The act classified the federal service by grades, to wich appointments were made based on the results of a competitive examination. It made it illegal for federal political appointees to be required to contribute to a particular political party.
Term
civil service system
Definition
the system created by civil service laws by which many appointments to the federal bureaucracy are made
Term
merit system
Definition
the system by which federal civil service jobs are classified into grades or levels, to which appointements are made on the basis of performance on competitive examinations
Term
independent regulatory commission
Definition
an agency created by Congress that is generally concerned with a specific aspect of the economy
Term
departments
Definition
major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in that particular governmental function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture
Term
clientele agencies
Definition
executive departments direceted by law to foster and promote the interests of a specific segment or group in the U.S. population (such as the Dept. of Education)
Term
government corporations
Definition
businesses established by Congress that perform functions that should be provided by private businesses (such as the U.S. Postal Service)
Term
independent executive agencies
Definition
governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have a narrower area of responsibility (such as the CIA) and are not part of any Cabinet dept.
Term
Hatch Act
Definition
law enacted in 1939 to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate.
Term
Federal Employees Political Activites Act
Definition
1993 liberalization of the Hatch Act. Federal employees are now allowed to run for office in nonpartisan elections and to contribute money to campaigns in partisan elections.
Term
implementation
Definition
the process by which a law or policy is put into operation by the bureaucracy
Term
iron triangles
Definition
the relatively stable relationships and patterns  of interaction that occur among an agency, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees
Term
issue networks
Definition
the loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas
Term
interagency councils
Definition
working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies
Term
administrative discretion
Definition
the ability of bureacrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional intentions
Term
rule making
Definition
a quasi-legislative administrative process that has the characteristics of a legislative act
Term
regulations
Definition
rules that govern the operation of a particular government program that have the force of law
Term
administrative adjudication
Definition
a qusi-judicial process in which a bureacratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes
Term
executive orders
Definition
rules or regulations issued by the president that have the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the Federal Resister.
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