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filter and clean blood, reabsorb and secrete some things that pass through the filters get reabsorbed unnecessary materials get secreted
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- the tube that allows urine out of the body
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- specailizes in getting rid of waste (that contains nitrogen)
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Term
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- two of them
- bean-shaped
- remove waste from blood
- the two regions of the kidneys are:
- the cortex - the medulla
- contains millions of functional units called nephrons
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- remove waste from the blood and form urine
- each nephron contains a clump of capillaries and a tube
- the clump of capillaries is called the glomerulus
- area around glomerulus is a cup-shaped bowman's capsule
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- 180 L of fluid from your blood passes through your kidneys
- not all of this fluid becomes urine
- 1-2 L actually becomes urine
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- passing a liquid or gas through a filter to remove impurities
- occurs in glomeruli
- water, salt, glucose, and urea passes out of capillaries
- proteins and blood cells are too big to pass through the capillaries
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- examine urine
- noninvasive
- physical characterictics
- chemical analysis
- microscopic examination
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- appearance - clear, light yellow
- pH - acidic - around 7
- specific gravity
- odor - there should not be a strong odor if urine is normal
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- albumin
- sugar
- ketones
- bilirubin
- urobilinogen
- PKU
- occult blood
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Definition
- cells, casts, and crystals should not be in urine
- urine should be clear
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Term
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- acute kidney failure - comes on suddenly
- nephritis
- shock
- injury
- bleeding
- symptoms - oliguria (lack of urine) - anuria (no urine) --> leads to uremia (urea throughout body)
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Term
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Definition
1) agony - pointy, medium sized 2) pain - welted, small 3) misery - pointy and welted, big - they need calcium phosphate
- contain uric acid
- can grow in diameter
- may obstruct urine flow
- cause extreme pain
- may cause nausea and vomiting
- diagnosis - IVP and KUB
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Term
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Definition
- kidneys may shrink with age
- this is a big risk for drug overdose
- muscular tone of bladder is distriphed
- nocturnia - constantly have to get up and use the bathroom during the night
- urinary incontinence - when you have absolutely no control over your bladder
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Term
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Definition
- imflammationof the bladder
- this is caused by the bacteria e-coli
- dysuria - painful urination
- polyuria - nonstop urination
- females have a more likely chance of getting these and dealing with these diseases
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Term
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Definition
- used after kidney failure
-peritondialysis -hemodialysis
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Term
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- purifying blood passing through thin membranes
- dialysate
- dialyzer - fibers
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