Absolutism

Absolute Monarchy

the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

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Adam Smith

Adam Smith the economist 

Adam Smith FRSA was a Scottish economist, philosopher, and author. 

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Baron de Montesquieu 

Baron de Montesquieu the lawyer. 

Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment. 

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Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin a Founding Father.

Benjamin Franklin FRS, FRSE was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a renowned polymath and a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster.

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Cesare Beccaria

Cesare Beccaria the philosopher. 

Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, and politician, who is widely considered as the most talented jurist and one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment.

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Dark Ages 

The Dark Ages were difficult. 

The "Dark Ages" is a historical periodization traditionally referring to the Middle Ages. It emphasizes the demographic, cultural and economic deterioration that supposedly occurred in Western Europe

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Enlightenment 

Enlightenment was the philosophical movement. 

The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, The Century of Philosophy.

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Father Hidalgo

Father Hidalgo was a priest. 

Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor, more commonly known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or simply Miguel Hidalgo, was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest and a leader of the Mexican War of Independence.

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Ignorance 

The Ignorance of town people. 

lack of knowledge or information.

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Intolerance 

The intolerance of religion. 

unwillingness to accept views, beliefs, or behavior that differ from one's own.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau 

The philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century.

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John Locke

John Locke was a philosopher. 

John Locke FRS was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism"

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Liberty 

Not everyone has liberty. 

the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views.

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Mary Wollstonecraft

Mary Wollstonecraft the English writer and philosopher. 

Mary Wollstonecraft was an English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. During her brief career, she wrote novels, treatises, a travel narrative, a history of the French Revolution, a conduct book, and a children's book.

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philosopher 

philosophers had desires of knowledge. 

one of the deistic or materialistic writers and thinkers of the 18th century French Enlightenment.

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Natural rights 

Everyone has natural rights.

Rights that people supposedly have under natural law. The Declaration of Independence of the United States lists life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as natural rights.

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Philosophy

Philosophy is the study of reality. 

the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.

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Reason 

Reason can be hard to figure out .

the power of the mind to think, understand, and form judgments by a process of logic.

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Scientific Revolution 

Modern science began due to the Scientific Revolution. 

The scientific revolution is a concept used by historians to describe the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.

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Simon Bolivar 

Political leader Simon Bolivar. 

Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco, generally known as Simón Bolívar and also colloquially as El Libertador, was a Venezuelan military and political leader 

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Social Contract 

Everyone shares a social contract with each other. 

In both moral and political philosophy, the social contract or political contract is a theory or model, originating during the Age of Enlightenment

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Suffrage 

Only wealthy people had suffrage 

the right to vote in political elections.

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Superstition 

Crazy stories are based on superstition. 

excessively credulous belief in and reverence for supernatural beings.

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Thomas Hobbes 

An English philosopher Thomas Hobbes. 

Thomas Hobbes, in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy.

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Thomas Jefferson 

Thomas Jefferson was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. 

Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

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Voltaire

Famous philosopher Voltaire. 

François-Marie Arouet, known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church.

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