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| commit everything to rational critical examination |
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| improve society via education and humanitarianism |
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| academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world |
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| French influential thinkers |
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| radical change in theory or thought |
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| absolute vs. relative truth |
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absolute is true no matter what
relative is dependent on relation to something else |
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| the use of meanings, irony, sarcasm or unexposing or denouncing |
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-how to sidestep laws
-different name to hide identity from public |
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| revolutionary vs. reformer |
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revolutionary-breaks away from something
reformer-forms something again |
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| believer in a great clockmaker who built an orderly universe and then stepped aside to let it run |
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| refers to the desire or interest of a people as a whole |
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| the belief that the legitimacy of the state created by the will of the people or consent of the people |
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-set out to make science entertaining
-skeptical about absolute truth
-cynical about claims of religion |
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-critically examined religious beliefs
-made a "dictionary" very popular
-humanity's best hope was open-minded toleration |
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-equal rights of men (property)
in order to reach their full potential must own property
-credited as serving as a basis for the later Women's movement |
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| Original Ideas of the Enlightenment |
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| reason. social science. philosophes. |
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| Uncertainties of the Enlightenment |
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| dissatisfactions. religions truth. travel literature. |
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| Essay Concerning Human Understanding |
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-Locke
-how human beings learn and form new ideas
-rejected though that all people were born with a certain way of thinking
-human mind is like a blank tablet at birth
-all ideas derived from experience
-BLANK TABLET THEORY |
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| Ways the philosophes sidestepped the laws |
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-wrote plays, novels, histories, dictionaries, and encyclopedias
-pen names
-satire |
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-Montesquieu
-social satire
-supposedly written by Persian travelers who see European custom in weird ways |
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concept of people as basically good
-Rousseau |
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-Rousseau
-Political theory
-general will/popular sovereignty |
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| Why was France such a hot bed for philosophical thought during the Enlightenment? |
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-salons
-philosophes
-government |
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-most famous salons
-"Godmother of Encyclopedia"
-Christian |
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Madame De Deffand
Julie de Lespinasse |
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-Geoffrin's greatest rival
-skeptic from the nobility who lived fast and easy
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-Deffand's closest female friend
-illegitimate daughter of noble parents
-got money from friends for her own salon |
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17 vol.
-Madame Geoffrin=godmother |
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| In the rich diversity of the Enlightenment, three central concepts stood out. Discuss the three concepts in depth. Be sure to incorporate the term social science into your answer. |
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| In the rich diversity of the Enlightenment, three central concepts stood out. These three central concepts that stood out were reason, social science, and philosophes. Reason is to commit everything to rational critical examination. Social Science is academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world. Philosophes are French influential thinkers. |
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| A very real crisis in European thought was evident at the end of the 17th century. Discuss at least three of the four uncertainties or dissatisfactions during this time in depth. Be sure to explain absolute vs. relative truth. |
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| A very real crisis in European thought was evident at the end of the 17th century. Three of the four uncertainties are dissatisfactions, religions truth, and travel literature. Absolute truth is true no matter what. Relative truth is dependent on the relation to something else. |
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