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The Enlightenment Vocab
Unit 2
23
History
10th Grade
09/01/2017

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Term

absolutism

 

The Catholic Priest belief in his religion is an example of absolutism.

 

 

 

Definition

the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

 

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Term

Adam Smith

 

Adam Smith was a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.

Definition

Adam Smith FRSA was a Scottish economist, philosopher, and author. He was a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy, and was a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.

 

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Term

Baron de Montesquieu 

 

 a French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment.

Definition

Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment.

 

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Term

Benjamin Franklin

 

Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Definition

Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a renowned polymath and a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat.

 

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Term

Cesare Beccaria

 

Cesare Beccaria is widely considered as the most talented jurist and one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment

Definition

Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, and politician, who is widely considered as the most talented jurist and one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment

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Term

Dark Ages

 

The Dark Ages is what the period of the Fall of the Roman Empire was refered as.

Definition

The "Dark Ages" is a historical periodization  traditionally referring to the Middle Ages. It emphasizes the demographic, cultural and economic deterioration that supposedly occurred in Western Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire, and the relative scarcity of written records from the period.

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Term

Enlightenment

 

Enlightenment thinkers are who came up with ideas such as the Separation of Powers 

Definition

The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, The Century of Philosophy.

 

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Term

Father Hidalgo

 

Father Hidalgo was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest and a leader of the Mexican War of Independence.

 

Definition

Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor, more commonly known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or simply Miguel Hidalgo, was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest and a leader of the Mexican

War of Independence.

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Term

Ignorance

 

His ignorance showed on his score on the test

Definition
lack of knowledge or information.

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Term

Intolerance

 

Some people have an intolerance to gluten

Definition
unwillingness to accept views, beliefs, or behavior that differ from one's own.
 
 
 
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Term

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

 

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a writer, and composer of the 18th century.

Definition

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century.

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Term

John Locke

 

John Locke was one of the Enlightenment thinkers.

Definition

John Locke FRS was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".

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Term

Liberty

 

The Statue of Liberty is a symbol of freedom

Definition
the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views.

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Term

Mary Wollstonecraft

 

Mary Wollstonecraft wrote two books that discussed women’s rights.

Definition

Mary Wollstonecraft was an English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. During her brief career, she wrote novels, treatises, a travel narrative, a history of the French Revolution, a conduct book, and a children's book.

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Term

philosophe

 

The philosophe's of the past are responsible for providing us with much of the knowledge we have now.

Definition

The philosophes (French for "philosophers") were the intellectuals of the 18th-century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues.

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Term

natural rights

 

When writing the Declaration of Independence, it was very important to out for-fathers that the natural rights be part of the final draft.

 

Definition
Rights that people supposedly have under natural law. The Declaration of Independence of the United States lists life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as natural rights.[image]
 
Term

Philosophy

 

Philosophy would be an interesting class to take in collage

Definition

the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.

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Term

Reason

 

Everybody should use reason behind there ideas

Definition

a cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event.

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Term

Scientific Revolution

 

Scientific Revolution is the rapid advances in European scientific, mathematical, and political thought, based on a new philosophy of empiricism and a faith in progress that defined Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Definition
The scientific revolution refers to the rapid advances in European scientific, mathematical, and political thought, based on a new philosophy of empiricism and a faith in progress that defined Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries.
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Term

Social Contract

 

Social Contact is a great skill to have

Definition

 an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection. Theories of a social contract became popular in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries among theorists such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as a means of explaining the origin of government and the obligations of subjects.

 
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Term

Suffrage

 

Suffrage gave women the right to vote

Definition
the right to vote in political elections.
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Term

Superstition

 

Friday the 13th is one of the many superstitions

Definition

 

excessively credulous belief in and reverence for supernatural beings.
 
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Term

Thomas Hobbes

 

Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy.

Definition

Thomas Hobbes, in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy.

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