Term
| What are the six different hormones produced by the anterior Pituitary gland and their function? |
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Definition
1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)-female follicle growth and male sperm production
2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH-in females it creates the Corpus Luteum and in males it stimulates testosterone production
3. Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)-stimulates adrenal gland growth and their hormones.
4. Thyroid Hormone-stimulates growth of thyroid and it's hormones
5.Growth Hormone-growth of fat, bone, cartilage, and muscle. Allows fat to be used for energy before muscle
6.Prolactin-breast milk and acts as a tropic hormone for another male hormone |
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Term
| How does an amino-acid based hormone function? |
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Definition
| An amino-acid based hormone cannot enter through the plasma membrane of it's target cell. Therefore, it uses the "second-messenger" system. Firstly, the hormone attaches to the plasma membrane and activates receptors which, create a specific enzyme. This enzyme is then capable of creating the "second-messenger". This "second-messenger" is then responsible for the normal response of the hormone. |
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Term
| How does an amino-acid based hormone function? |
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Definition
| An amino-acid based hormone cannot enter through the plasma membrane of it's target cell. Therefore, it uses the "second-messenger" system. Firstly, the hormone attaches to the plasma membrane and activates receptors which, create a specific enzyme. This enzyme is then capable of creating the "second-messenger". This "second-messenger" is then responsible for the normal response of the hormone. |
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Term
| How do Steroid Hormones work? |
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Definition
| Steroid hormones are able to travel through the plasma membrane as they are made from lipids. They attach to the nuclear membrane and activate receptors to create the hormone-receptor complex. This complex is able to attach to a particular section of the target cell's DNA. mRNA is then transcribed and forms the required protein. |
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Term
| What is an endocrine gland? |
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Definition
| It is a ductless gland that releases hormones into surrounding tissue-mostly blood and lymphatic vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone is a chemical messenger. They travel to target cells, can interact with one another, are broken down in the liver or kidneys, are excreted through urine, can be affective for only a few seconds or up to a week, and their affects can be noticed within 2/3 seconds or 2/3 hours. |
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Term
| How are hormones stimulated? |
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Definition
1. By another hormone (tropic)
2. By humeral changes
3. By neurons and mental activity |
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Term
| What hormone is released by the Pineal Gland? Where is the Pineal gland? |
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Definition
| Melatonin-waking/sleeping cycles. Stimulated by light. The Pineal Gland is an appendix to the Hypothalamus. |
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Term
| What does the acronym FLAT GP stand for? And what are these hormones functions? Hint: They come from the anterior pituitary gland. |
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Definition
F. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)= growth of follicle and oocytes in ovaries and stimulates sperm production in males.
L. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)=stimulates growth of Corpus Luteum in ovaries and testosterone within the seminiferous tubules in males.
A. Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)=stimulates adrenal gland growth and adrenal gland hormones
T. Thyroid Hormone (TH)=growth of thyroid and thyroid hormones
G. Growth Hormone (GH)=growth of muscle, fat, cartilage, and bone in the body. Makes sure fat is used as energy before muscle.
P. Prolactin (PRL)= breastmilk in females and tropic hormone in for a male hormone. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What hormones are STORED in the posterior pituitary gland and what is their function? |
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Definition
Oxytocin-milk let-down reflex
Anti-diuretic Hormone-water retention in the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone produced and stored by the Thyroid gland but under anterior pituitary control. It controls BMR (Base Metabolic Rate) |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone made by the Thyroid gland that deposits calcium back into the bone in response to too much calcium in the blood. Calcium is vital for muscle contraction and blood clotting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parathyroid Hormone produced by the Parathyroid glands. PTH allows bone to be broken down in order to calcium to be released in response to low levels in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Glands that atrophy with age but produced Thymic Hormones that produced Lymphocyte T cells. |
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Term
| Pancreas secretes what hormones? |
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Definition
| Alpha Glucagon cells and Beta Insulin cells. Insulin decreases blood sugar levels by increasing the permeability of cells to glucose. Glucagon works on the liver to release more glucose when blood sugar levels are low. |
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Term
| How many hormones do the adrenal glands secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormones does the adrenal medulla create? |
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Definition
| Adrenaline and non-adrenalin. |
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Term
| What hormones does the adrenal cortex create? |
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Definition
Responsible for three corticosteroids:
1. mineralcorticoids
2. glucacorticoids
3. sex horomones (gonadcorticoids) |
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Term
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Definition
| Testosterone (interstitial space between seminiferous tubules) |
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Term
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Definition
| Estrogen is released in the ovaries via the Corpus Luteum. |
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