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The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages
-1530-1770,improved european health, killed millions of N.A, weakened NA ability of resistance, potatoes and maize became european staples |
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First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor for them.
-1474-1566, spain and new spain colonies
-originally a priest, arrived as a missionary, enacted new laws of 1542, entered the Dominican order |
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Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America
-1530-1680
-dominated spainsh economy, first extracted by smelting, rising fuel costs, relied on mixing mercury |
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A grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies. It provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods by the Amerindians. It obliged the grant holder to Christianize the Amerindians.
-1519-1770
-new law tried to eliminate, took whole families to work, imposed mita, worked plantations or made repairs to villages |
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In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples
-1530-1770
-below spainsh borns, eventually took over top class, kids of hidalgos, above any mixed race |
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The term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Amerindian and European descent
-born in colonial spain, 1530-on
-below creoles, above mulattos,artisians and small-scale ranchers, could also mix with mulattos, dominated middle class |
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The term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent
-intermediated position in tropics, africans could become free, also called castas, under the mestizos but above africans
-born in colonial spain, 1530-on |
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A migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from four to seven years
-1607-1770
-80% of all immigrants, more in North america(english), recieved a little land at the end, 1500 per year in 17th century |
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Elected assembly in colonial Virginia, created in 1618
-beginning of any kind of democracy in america, occured w/increase of slavery, expanded colonial liberties, met alone as a deliberate body |
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Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands
-thanksgiving, thought church of england was mostly catholic, 100 men and women, half died during first winter |
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English Protestant dissenters who believed that God predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth. They founded Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629
-calvinists, wished to purify church of england, only men, wanted to abolish the hierarchy |
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An alliance of five northeastern Amerindian peoples (six afjter 1722) that made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of representatives. Allied first with the Dutch and later with the English, the Confederacy dominated the area from western New England to the Great Lakes
-access to canadian fur trade, trade allied with dutch,???,??? |
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French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608. New France fell to the British in 1763.
-on banks of st. lawerence, french guns tipped balance of power, allied with huron and algonquin, founded by champlain |
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French fur traders, many of mixed Amerindian heritage, who lived among and often married with Amerindian peoples of North America
-1542-1770, runners of the woods, kids called me'tis, sent to master amerindian customs, increased competition among natives |
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Member of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780-1781. He was captured and executed with his wife and other members of his family.
-close ties with local bishop, educated by jesuits,involved in colonial trade, did not clearly state all intentions |
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