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The Chemistry of Life
carbon compounds and chemical reactions and enzymes
19
Science
10th Grade
10/04/2009

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Term
monomer
Definition
small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
Term
polymers
Definition
formed when monomers join together
Term
carbohydrates
Definition
compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, main source of energy for living things
Term
monosaccharides
Definition
single sugar molecules
Term
polysaccharides
Definition
formed from monosaccharides
Term
lipid
Definition
made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms, used to store energy or parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings
Term
nucleic acid
Definition
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus, transmit hereditary information
Term
nucleotide
Definition
individual monomers that form nucleic acids
Term
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Definition
a nucleic acid that contains deoxyribose
Term
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Definition
a nucleic acid that contains ribose
Term
protein
Definition
macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, make up some bones and tissues
Term
amino acid
Definition
proteins are polymers of these molecules
Term
chemical reaction
Definition
a process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another
Term
reactant
Definition
the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
Term
product
Definition
the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
Term
activation energy
Definition
the energy that is need to get a reaction started
Term
catalyst
Definition
a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Term
enzyme
Definition
a protein that acts as a biological catalyst
Term
substrates
Definition
the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
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