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| Hydrogen ions equal hydroxide ions. (Distilled Water) |
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| Tells percent of hydrogen ions in a substance. 0-14, 0-7 acidic, 7-14 basic. |
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| Determines what lives where. |
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| Proteins that can adjust pH. (In blood/urine) |
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| Atoms seek to achieve 8 valance electrons to be stable/unreactive. Atoms will lose gain, or share valance electrons to achieve octet. |
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| An exception to the octet rule for atoms with only one energy level. (Hydrogen and Helium) |
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Same element with different number of neutrons. Normal H(protium)= 1 proton, 1 electron, 0 neutrons
Heavy H(deuterium)= 1p,1e,1n
Heavy, Heavy H(tritium)=1p,1e,2n |
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Definition
Radiation therapy for cancer
Carbon dating
Food treatment to kill bacteria
Tracer-follows movement through body |
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| Pure substance made of only 1 type of atom. (Au) |
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Combination of atoms with their own physical and chemical properties.
Na(Explosive) + Cl(Poison)= NaCl(Salt) (Essential for life ) |
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| Combination of atoms joined by covalent bonds |
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| Charged particles resulting from the transfer of valance electrons. |
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Definition
Water organisms on water planet.
75% Water Weight
75% of earth's surface is water |
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Definition
Expands when freezing
Neutral pH and charge
Polar Molecules |
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| Water sticks to other surfaces |
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| Cohesion and Adhesion allow water to... |
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| Move up against the force of gravity thus allowing plants to continue to evolve and become more diverse over time. |
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| Combined effect of cohesion and adhesion |
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| CHNOPS Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur |
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Definition
| Shows number, kind, and arrangement of atoms in space. |
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Definition
| Ions separate from each other in solutions which makes for good conductors of electricity. |
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| Ionic Compounds make good...for the body |
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Definition
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| Covalent bonds in solution do or do not dissociate |
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| Color, texture, shape, mass, volume, density, phase, freezing boiling and vaporization temps, hardness |
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Definition
| No rearrangement of atoms (Ripping paper into 2 pieces (Still Cellulose)) |
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Definition
| Rearrangement of atoms forming new products each with their own physical and chemical properties. (Burning Paper) |
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Definition
| Reactants on the left, yield arrow, products on the right. *All chemical equations must balance due to the Law of Conservation of Matter. |
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| Organic Chemistry Name history |
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Definition
| Previously known as the chemistry of Life, now known as carbon chemistry |
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Definition
| Same simple formula but different structure. |
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| 4 Major Organic Molecules |
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Definition
| Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids |
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Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio. |
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| Mono, di, and poly saccharides |
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| 1 sugar, ex. Glucose, fructose, and galactose. |
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Definition
| 2 sugars, sucrose, maltose and lactose. |
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| 3 or more sugars. Most complex carbs. |
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| Organic contains what element |
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Definition
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| Hundreds of monosaccharides. Plant based. (Potato, corn, rice, wheat, oats) |
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| Animal starch, excess sugars stored in liver and big muscle groups. |
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| Carbons, hydrogens, oxygens. Fats, oils, waxes, steroids. Potential(stored) energy stored. |
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| Building blocks of lipids |
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Definition
| 1 glycerol (C3H8O3) and 3 fatty acid. Every fatty acid contains carboxl group.(COOH) |
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Definition
| Lipid with many single covalent hydrogen bonds. Solid at room temp, animal source, leads to heart disease. (Butter) |
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Definition
| Contain double covalent bonds. Liquid at room temp, plant sources, better for heart health. (Olive oil) |
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Definition
| Replacing unsat. fats with sat. fats to add shelf life to processed foods. (Unhealthy) |
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Definition
| Always carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, often nitrogen and sulfur. |
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Definition
Living tissue (muscle)
Enzymes- Regulate all chem reactions
Macromolecule
Immune antibodies
Energy Source |
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Term
| Building Blocks of Proteins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.Central Carbon atom
2.Lone hydrogen atom
3.Carboxyl Group
4.Amino Group (NH2)
5.R Group |
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Term
| Bond that joins amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| Importance of #,kind, and arrangement of Amino Acids |
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Definition
| Determines shape of the polypeptide |
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Definition
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| Importance of number, kind, and arrangement of amino acids |
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Definition
| Determines the shape of the polypeptide. |
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Term
| Proteins of 10 consist of.. |
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Definition
| multiple polypeptide chains determining the overall shape of the protein. |
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Definition
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| Blood protein with 4 polypeptide chains |
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Definition
| Act as catalysts to speed up reactions allowing them to occur at acceptable cellular temps. |
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| Importance of nucleic acids |
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Definition
genetic code=DNA (code for proteins)
Code for RNA=messanger
Macromolecule=largest |
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| Building Blocks of nucleic acids |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.5-C sugar
2. Phosphate group
3. Nitrogenous Base (Adenine, thymine(DNA), guanin, cytosine, uracil(RNA only) |
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| Processes of forming Organics |
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Definition
| Dehydration synthesis, condensation |
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| Way of breaking down organics |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose and glucose put into dehydration synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycerol and 3 Fatty acids put into dehydration synthesis |
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Definition
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| 3 Amino acids put into dehydration synthesis |
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Definition
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| 3Nucleotides put into dehydration synthesis |
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Definition
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Definition
| Reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions |
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Definition
| Energy that is needed to start a reaction. |
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Definition
| Slight attraction between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules. |
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Definition
| mixture of water and not dissolved materials |
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