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Definition
| the number of elements required in a living organism |
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Definition
| anything that occupies space and has mass |
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Definition
| a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances |
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Definition
| a necessary element required in very minute amounts for a living organism to survive |
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Definition
| necessary for the transport of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| aides in the produciton of thyroid hormones |
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Term
preserve the food
make the food more nutritious
make the food look better |
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Definition
| chemicals are added to food because they |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance consisting of two or more elements |
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Term
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Definition
| neutrons and protons are packed into the atom's ___________. |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of protons in an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| sum of protons and neutrons in a nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| an ______ is an atom that has the same number of protons and electrons but varies in neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
| are in energy levels called electron shells |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom can have up to __ electron shells |
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Term
| the chemical properties of an atom |
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Definition
| what do the number of electrons in the outer shell determine? |
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Term
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Definition
| the first shell can hold up to _ electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| the second and third shell can hold up to __ electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| the attraction of an atoms in order to fill their outer shell |
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Term
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Definition
| atoms can ___, ___,or ___ electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom with an electrical charge resulting from gain or loss of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| bond of ions with opposite charges |
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Term
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Definition
| when atoms share outer shell electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| formed when atoms are held together by covalent bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| the attraction for shared electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| atoms in a _______ bonded molecule continually compete for shared electrons. |
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Term
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Definition
| the bond of atoms of the same elememt because they have the same electronegativity |
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Term
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Definition
| formed when one atom of a covalent bond attracts the electron more strongle than the other |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules with an uneven distribution of charges |
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Term
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Definition
| weak bonds essential to the chemistry of life |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules sticking together |
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Term
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Definition
| the measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| when a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom of another |
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Term
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Definition
| the energe associated with movement of atoms and molecules in matter |
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Term
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Definition
| the measure of the intensity of heat |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is released when hydrogen bonds are formed |
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Term
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Definition
| must be absorbed to break a hydrogen bond |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is less dense than water because of the spaced between each molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| a uniform mixture of two or more substances |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| the substances that is dissolved |
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Term
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Definition
| fundamental to life's processes |
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Term
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Definition
| has a higher concentration of H+ than OH- |
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Term
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Definition
| accept hydrogen ions and remove them from the solution |
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Term
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Definition
| used to describe whether a solution is acidic or basic |
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Term
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Definition
| ranges from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic) |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution neither acidic or basic |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that has a pH of 7 |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contain twice as much energy as a polysaccharide |
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Term
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Definition
| lipids made from glycerol and fatty acids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| polysaccharides are ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| the building blocks of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| the overall 3D shape of a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein's ____ determines its function |
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Term
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Definition
| the ____ of a protein is its unique amino acid sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| hormones are _____ proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that carry oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that are found within muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| protein that contain antibodies of the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| a polymer built from combinations of 20 amino acid monomers |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that regulate chemical reactions in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| fats with the maximum number of hydrogens |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lipids composed of fused ring structures |
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Term
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Definition
| lipids that compose a major part of the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| protein structure in which coils cause polypeptide chains to loose their shape and function |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins are formed by ____ bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
| results from coiling or folding of a polypeptide |
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Term
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Definition
| contains hundreds of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| protein structure in which there are two or more polypeptide chains |
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Term
| primary, secondary, tertiary.quarternary |
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Definition
| the four levels of protein structure include ___, ___, ___, and___. |
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Term
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Definition
| information rich polymers of neuclotides |
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Term
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Definition
| a storage polysaccharide composed of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| a polymer of glucose that forms plant cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| a polysaccharide used by insects and crustaceans to buld an exoskeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| a storage polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers and found in plants |
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Term
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Definition
| two monosaccharides can bond to form ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| polymers of monosaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| the functional group which consists of a phosperous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| glucose and fructose are __ carbons long |
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Term
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Definition
| the main fuels for cellular work. |
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Term
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Definition
| sugar monomers such as glucose and fructos are |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| different compounds with the same mollecular formula |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of breaking polymers apart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| functional group which consists of hydrogen bonded to oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| functional group which consists of a carbon double bonded to both an oxygen and hydroxyl group |
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Term
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Definition
| effects the biological's function in a characteristic way |
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Term
| hydroxyl, carboxyl,carbonal, amino, and phosphate |
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Definition
| the five functional groups |
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Term
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Definition
| a functional group which consists of a carbon linked by a double bond to a oxygen atom |
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Term
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Definition
| monomers linked together to form polymers |
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Term
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Definition
| building blocks used to make polymers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids |
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Definition
| the four classes of bilolgical molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| functional group composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| compound composed of only hydrogen and carbon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a chain of carbon atoms; can be branched or unbranched |
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Term
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Definition
| fats that are mostly energy storage molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| fats that have fewer than the max # of hydrogens |
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