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The Cellular Structure
Pages 69-82
45
Biology
9th Grade
11/17/2015

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Term
Cytology
Definition
the study of cells
Term
Cells
Definition
the functional or structral unit of life
Term
Protoplasm
Definition
All the living substances within a cell
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
the theory that all living organisms are made up of tiny units called cells
Term
Unicellular
Definition
organisms made up of only one cell
Term
Mutlicellular
Definition
organisms made up of more then one cell
Term
Colonial Organism
Definition
a collection of similar cells living together,and except for certain specialized reproductive cells,any of the cells could caryy on the processes of the organism if they were seperated from the colony.
Term
Organs
Definition
several types of tissues working together to perform a specific fucntion
Term
Organ System
Definition
a group of organs that work together to accomplish life functions
Term
Cell Junctions
Definition
The chemical interactions between proteins form the connection between the cells (or cell junction)
Term
Plasmodesmata
Definition
the tiny passageways the cytoplasm of plants is connected by
Term
Eukaryotic
Definition
cells that have a membrane bound nucleus and other specialized structues called organelles in the cytoplasm
Term
Organelle
Definition
a cytoplasmic structure that performs specific functions in the cell
Term
Prokaryotic Cells
Definition
a group of cells that lacks a membrane around the nucleus and contains only non-membrane-bound organelles
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
the outermost boundary of the cell
Term
Fluid Mosiac Model
Definition
a model describing cellular membranes as being composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins scattered throughout the membrane.
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
a rigid structure manufactered by the cell located outside the plasma membrane often made of cellulose,silica, or other substances
Term
Capsule
Definition
a cellular scretion surrounding certain algae and bacteria
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
All the material inside the plasma membrane of a cell excluding the nucleus
Term
Cytoplasmic Matrix
Definition
the colloid portion of the cytoplasm
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
the powerhouse of the cell
Term
Cristae
Definition
the folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria contain enzymes necessary for cellular respiration
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
a cellular structure consisting of a complex network of fine branching tubules
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
a membrane-bound organelle that deals with synthesis and packaging of materials
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
small irregularly shaped membrane-bound organelles filled with digestive enzymes
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
the internal structure of cytoplasm,made of micro-filaments and microtubules
Term
Centrosome
Definition
a region located near the nucleus that is important in the production of micro tubules in the cytoskeleton
Term
Flagellum
Definition
a long tubular extension of cell's plasma membrane that aids movement
Term
Cilia
Definition
short hair like extensions of a cell's membrane that aids movement
Term
Basal Body
Definition
the action-controlling structure at the base of a cilium or flagellum
Term
Centrioles
Definition
a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Term
Microtubules
Definition
a microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells, sometimes aggregating to form more complex structures.
Term
Intermediate Filaments
Definition
are cytoskeletal components found in the cells of many animal species. They are composed of a family of related proteins sharing common structural and sequence features.
Term
Microfilaments
Definition
a small rod like structure, about 4–7 nanometers in diameter, present in numbers in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells.
Term
Plastids
Definition
any of a class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts, in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food.
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
(in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
Term
Thylakoids
Definition
each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana.
Term
Grana
Definition
the stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast.
Term
Vesicles
Definition
a fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac, in particular.
Term
Nucleous
Definition
the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.
Term
Nuclear envelope
Definition
nucleolemma or karyotheca, is the double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.
Term
Nuclear pores
Definition
large protein complexes that cross the nuclear envelope, which is the double membrane surrounding the eukaryotic cell nucleus.
Term
Chromatin Materials
Definition
To accommodate the large mass of genetic material within the nucleus, DNA is packaged into a condensed structure referred to as chromatin. Chromatin is actually composed of a combination of DNA, proteins (mainly proteins known as histones) and some RNA.
Term
necleolus
Definition
a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase
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