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The Cellular Structure
pg. 69-85
47
Biology
9th Grade
11/17/2015

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Term
Cytology
Definition
The Study of Cells
Term
Cells
Definition
 is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms
Term
Protoplasm
Definition
 the cytoplasm and nucleus of a cell
Term
Cell Theory
Definition

The basic building block of all living things

Cells perform all the functions of living things

Cells come from the reproduction of exsisting cells

Term
Unicellular Organism
Definition
Organisms composed of just one living cell
Term
Multicellular organisms
Definition
Organisms made up of more than one cell
Term
Colonial Organism
Definition
An organism that consists of a group of similar cells living together. Each cell functions like a unicellular organism
Term
Tissue
Definition
a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organ
Term
organs
Definition
A group of tissue working together
Term

organ system

(system)

Definition
A group of organs working together
Term
Cell Junctions
Definition
The chemical interactions between these proteins form the connections between the cells
Term
Plasmodesmata
Definition
Tiny passageways that connect cytoplasm of plant cells together
Term
Eukaryotic
Definition
 any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.
Term
Organelle
Definition
a cytoplasmic structure that performs special functions in the cell
Term
Prokaryotic
Definition
Bacteria blue-green algae and some similar organisms
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
The cellular membrane that forms the outermost boundary of a cells cytoplasm and also encloses the membranebound organelles within the cell
Term
Fluid Mosaic Model
Definition
 that describes the structure of cell membranes
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
A rigid structure manufactered by the cell; located outside the plasma membrane; often made of cellulose, silica, or other substances
Term

Capsule

or

Sheath

Definition
A cellular secretion surrounding certain algea and bacteria
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
All of the structures and materials inside the plasma membrane
Term
Cytoplasmic Matrix
Definition
If the nucleus and all of the organelles could be strained out
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Membrane-bound cellular organelles responsible for the respiration of foods to release usable energy
Term
Cristae
Definition
The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria; contain enzymes necessary for cellular respiration
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
A system of interconnected folded membranes inside the cell
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
Appears as flattened, curcved, membrane-covered sacs
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
small irregularly shaped membrane-bound organelles filled with digestive enzymes
Term

Cytoskeleton

Definition
Tiny fibers can be seen crisscrossing the inside of the cell, this microscope system is called this
Term
Centrosome
Definition
A region located neat the nucleus that is important in the production of microtubes in the cytoskeleton
Term
Flagellum
Definition
a long tubular extension of the plasma memgtane surrounding a special arrangement of microtubles
Term
Cilia
Definition
Have an internal organization similar to the of flagella, although they are much shorter and frequently cover the entire cell or an entire section of a cell
Term
Basal Body
Definition
At the base of eavh cilium or flagellum is a structure
Term
Microtubules
Definition
the thickest of the cytoskeleton components and are very important in the organization of the cell
Term
Centriole
Definition
An organelle compoosed of microtubles and lovated near the nucleus.
Term
Intermediate filaments
Definition
 one of three types of cytoskeletal elements
Term
Microfilaments
Definition
Flexible rodlike assembly of protein molecules found in cells
Term
Plastids
Definition
Membrane-bound organelle found in plants, algae, and a few other organisms but not in animals
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
An organelle that contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Term
Thylakoids
Definition
Flat sac in a chloroplast that forms grana
Term
Grana
Definition
Structures within chloroplasts that contain the chlorophyll and other pigments involved in photosynthesis
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
A membrane-bound organelle in a cell
Term
Vesicles
Definition
A small vacuole
Term
Nucleus
Definition
The positively chatged centual portion of an atom; the region of a eukaryoticcell that contains the chromosomes
Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition
The double membrane forming the surface of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells
Term
Nuclear pores
Definition
Permits the passage of material between the cyroplasm and the proteinrich fluid nuclear sap
Term
Chromatin Material
Definition
A complex of DNA and surrounding proteins in the nucleus of a cell
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
A spherical body in the nucleus that has a high concentration of Rna and proteins
Term
Turgor Pressure
Definition
The added pressure within a plant cell that results from the movent of water into the central vacuole
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