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The Cell
Vocab about the Cell
27
Biology
9th Grade
05/20/2010

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Term
Absorption
Definition
The transport of dissolved substances into cells
Term
Digestion
Definition
The breakdown of absorbed substances
Term
Respiration
Definition
The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy
Term
Excretion
Definition
The removal of soluble waste materials
Term
Egestion
Definition
The removal of nonsoluble waste materials
Term
Secretion
Definition
The release of biosynthesized substances
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
Maintaining the status quo
Term
Reproduction
Definition
Producing more cells
Term
Cytology
Definition
The study of cells
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
Term
Middle lamella
Definition
The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells
Term
Plasma membrane
Definition
The semipermeable membrand between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Term
Ions
Definition
Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons
Term
Cytoplasmic Streaming
Definition
The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
Term
Lysosome
Definition
The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydorlysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Non-membrand-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performes several tasks within a cell
Term
Rough ER
Definition
ER that is dotted with ribosomes
Term
Smooth ER
Definition
ER that has no ribosomes
Term
Leucoplasts
Definition
Organelles that store starches or oils
Term
Chromoplasts
Definition
Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis
Term
Central Vacuole
Definition
A large vacuold that rests at the center of most plant cells, and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes
Term
Waste Vacuoles
Definition
Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells
Term
Phagocytic Vacuole
Definition
A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs
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