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| upon, over, above, on top |
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| to hold back, deficiency, blockage |
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| blood vessel (also means duct in the urinary system and the male reproductive system) |
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| little belly, cavity, ventricle |
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| pertaining to loosen, dissolve |
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| sudden, involuntary muscle contraction |
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| surgical creation of an opening |
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| large artery that emerges from the left ventricle |
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| blood vessel that is transitional between arteries and capillaries |
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| blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
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| two superior chambers of the heart the recieve incoming blood from veins |
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| two heart valves, right and left, that channel blood to flow in one direction from an atrium to a ventricle |
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| left atrioventricular valve |
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| the left heart valve that channels blood to flow in one direction from the left atrium to the left ventricle, also called bicuspid or mitral valve |
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| right atrioventricular valve |
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| the right heart valve that channels blood to flow in one direction from right atrium to the right ventricle; also known as tricuspid valve |
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| cluster of modified heart cells in the right atrial wall that originates each cardiac cycle |
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| cells of the hearts myocardium |
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| thin layer of epithelial tissue that lines the heart chambers |
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| membrane that forms the outer layer of the heart wall; known as visceral pericardium |
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| the bulk of the heart wall; functional part of the heart that produces contractions |
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| space enclosed by the pericardial sac that contains the heart and fluid |
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| outer membrane that surrounds the heart |
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| circulatory pathway that supplies the cells of the heart |
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| consists of two flaps that point downward into the left ventricle |
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| consists of 3 flaps that point downward into the right ventricle |
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| dilation of the heart chambers during which their walls relax and chambers fill with blood |
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| circulatory route associated with the lungs in which blood releases its CO2 load and becomes oxygenated |
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| the right semilunar valve |
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| contraction of the heart that results in expulsion of blood from the heart chambers |
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| circulatory route that begins from the left ventricle at the aorta, extends throughout the body except the lungs, and returns to the right atrium |
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| lining of the heart chambers and blood vessels; composed of flattened epithelial cells and a thin layer of connective tissue |
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| narrowing of a blood vessel that is produced when the vessel wall contracts |
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| dilation of a blood vessel that is produced when the vessel wall releaxes |
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| small, transitional blood vessel between a capillary and a vein |
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| body system comprised of the heart and blood vessels |
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| general term that means a chamber; refers to the two thick-walled chambers (right and left) in the heart that contract to push blood through arteries |
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| chest pain usually caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart |
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| abnormal contractions of a blood vessel wall |
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| narrowing of a blood vessel |
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| any loss of rhythm in the heartbeat |
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| an abnormally slow heart rate, usually under 50 beats/min |
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| a sensation of pain in the heart |
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| a condition that originates in the heart |
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| abmoral enlargement of the heart |
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| blue coloration of the skin and mucous membranes; caused by O2 deficiency |
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| a disturbance or abnormality of the hearts normal rhythmic cycle |
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| an experience of pounding, racing, or skipping of the heartbeat |
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| bulging of an arterial wall caused by a congenital defect or an acquired weakness of the arterial wall produced as blood is pushed against it |
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| inflammation of the heart and blood vessels |
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| tumor that arises from a blood vessel |
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| hardening of the arteries; the artery walls lose their elasticity and become brittle |
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| narrowing of an artery due to the deposition of a fatty plaque along the internal wall |
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| congenital condition characterized by an opening in the septum that separates the right and left atria, allowing blood to pass between that atria |
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| defect, usually congenital that alters the structure of both an atrium and a ventricle |
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| cessation of heart activity |
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| acute compression of the heart due to the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity |
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| a general disease of the heart muscle |
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| inflammation of the heart valves |
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| a limp when walking, caused by poor circulation |
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| congenital disease in which the aorta is narrowed; causes reduced systemic circulation and fluid accumulation in the lungs |
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| chronic condition characterized by the inability of the left ventricle to pump enough blood through the body to adequately supply systemic tissues |
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| chronic enlargement of the right ventricle that results from congestion within the pulmonary circulation |
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| generalized condition of the arteries of the heart, characterized by a reduction of blood flow to the heart wall |
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| blockage of an artery that supplies the heart |
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| the abnormal presence of stationary blood clots within the deep veins of the leg |
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| blood clot or foreign particle that moves through the circulation, which can produce a severe circulatory restriction when it becomes lodged in an artery |
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| inflammation of the endocardium; a common cause is a bacterial infection |
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| uncoordinated, rapid contractions of the ventricles or atria |
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| acute episode during which the heart fails to pump blood effectively (also called myocardial infarction) |
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| an interference with the normal electrical conduction of the heart; often result of a sudden reduction of blood flow that effects the SA or AV node |
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| extremely rapid, but regular contractions of the heart; either atrial or ventricular |
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| an abnormal soft, blowing, or rasping sound heard through ausculation of the heart |
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| varicose vein in the anal region; produces symptoms of local pain and itching |
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| persistently high BP; includes essential hypertension, in which the condition is not traceable to a single cause, and secondary hypertension, in which the high blood pressure is caused by the effects of another disease eg atherosclerosis |
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| chronic condition of low BP |
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| an abnormally low flow of blood to tissues; often the result of atherosclerotic plaque formation or blood clots |
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| inflammation of the myocardium, or muscle layer of the heart wall |
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| congenital condition characterized by an opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, allowing blood to pass across; opening that doesn't close before birth |
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| inflammationof the pericardium; usually affects both layers |
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| inflammation of an artery at numerous sites |
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| four congenital defects associated with the heart combined-pulmonary valve stenosis, ventricular septal defect, incorrect position of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy-as a result the pulmonary circuit is bypassed |
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| vascular inflammatory disease that usually affects the lower extremeties; Buerger's disease |
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| the presence of a stationary blood clot within a blood vessel |
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| a condition of an abnormally dilated vein |
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| ventricular septal defect |
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| an opening in the septum that separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle, allowing blood to pass between them |
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| surgical excision of an aneurysm |
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| a recording obtained from an angiography-an x-ray of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium |
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| general surgical repair of a blood vessel; includes procedures to reopen blocked vessels |
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| suturing a blood vessel to close an incision |
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| use of flexible fiberoptic instrument,or endoscope, to observe a diseased blood vessel in order to assess the lesion and decide upon a mode of treatment; includes use of a camera, video recorder, and monitor |
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| a recording of an x-ray of the aorta |
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| recording of an x-ray of a particular artery |
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| an incision into an artery |
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| surgical removal of fatty plaque within a blood vessel using a specialized rotary knife and a catheter |
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| physical exam that consists of listening to internal sounds using stethoscope |
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| procedure which involves inserting a flexible catheter into a brachial or femoral artery and threading it into the heart |
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| battery powered device that is implanted under the skin and wired to the heart chamber walls; produces timed electric pulses that replace the pacemaking function of the SA node |
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| physician who specializes in the treatment of patients with heart disease |
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| field of medicine that focuses on the treatment of patients with heart disease |
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| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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| emergency response procedure that includes atrificial ventilation and external heart massage in an effort to revive the patient |
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| a recording of an x-ray of the hearts circulation |
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| coronary artery bypass graft |
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| surgical procedure which usually involves harvesting a vessel from another part of the body, attaching one end to the aorta and the other end just below the blockage |
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| a metallic scaffold that is implanted in a coronary artery to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherecotomy |
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| electrical charge to the heart in an effort to defibrillate, or stop fibrillation, of the heart; delivered by paddles onto the skin of the chest,or to the heart muscle directly if chest has been opened |
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| ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow through a blood vessel |
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| ultrasound procedure in which sound waves are directed through the heart to evaluate heart abnormalities |
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| procedure in which the electrical events associated with the beating of the heart are evaluated and are represented by deflections of a pen on a graph |
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| surgical removal of a floating blood clot or emblous |
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| surgical removal of fatty plaque or a blood clot from the interior of an artery |
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| surgical removal of hemorrhoids |
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| Holter ambulatory monitor |
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| portable electrocardigraph worn by the patient; records electrical activity of the heart over 24 hour periods |
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| magnetic resonance angiography |
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| MRI of the heart and coronary blood vessels |
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| myocardial radionuclide perfusion scan |
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| test in which blood flow to cardiac cells is monitored following injection of an isotope; test may be performed while patient is under stress or at rest |
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| nuclear medicine imaging of the heart |
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| visualization of the heart following adminstration of radioactive iostopes in aid to diagnosis |
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| surgical creation of an opening in the pericardial sac, usually to relieve pressure that results from percarditis or cardiac tamponade |
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| incision or puncture a vein, usually to remove blood for sampling or to donate blood; a tech who performs this is called a phelbotomist |
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| positron emission tomography scan |
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| procedure that provides blood flow images |
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| procedure that measures arterial BP using a device called sphygmomanometer which consists of an arm cuff and air pressure pump with a pressure gauge |
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| treatments that dissolve blood clots, or thrombi, using drugs such as streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator |
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| surgical repair of a heart valve; if repair is not possible, a valve replacement may be required using artificial valve or a porcine (pig) valve |
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| a recording of an x-ray of a vein |
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