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Metabolism
Name to examples of Metabolism. |
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Definition
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body.
1) Catabolic reactions= break down of large chemicals that release energy
2) Anabolic reactions= build up of large chemicals that require energy |
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| the acquisition of food and raw materials |
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| the process of converting food into usable soluble form so it can be easily pass through membranes in the digestive tract to enter the body |
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| the passage of nutrient molecules through the lining of the digestive tract into the body proper. Can be passed though by diffusion or active transport. |
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| the circulation of essential compounds required to nourish the tissues, and the removal of waste products from the tissues |
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| the building up of new tissues from digested food materials |
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| the consumption of oxygen by the body. Cells use oxygen to convert glucose into ATP, a ready source of energy for cellular activities. |
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| the removal of waste products(such as carbon dioxide, water, and urea) produced during metabolic processes like respiration and assimilation |
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| the creation of complex molecules from simple ones (anabolism) |
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the control of physiological activities. The body's metabolism functions to maintain its internal environment in a changing external environment.
This is known as Homeostasis and includes regulation by hormones and the nervous system. |
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| the ability to respond to a stimulus and is part of regulation |
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| an increase in size due to synthesis of new materials |
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| the process by which plants convert CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates. And sunlight is harnessed by Chlorophyll to drive this reaction |
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| the generation of additional individuals of a species |
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the substance of life
ex: elements such as oxygen, sulfur, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, iodine, calcium, and other minerals |
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unit of an element;
they are joined by chemical bonds to form compounds |
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are made by living systems and contain carbon.
They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. |
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| compounds that do not contain carbon; such as, NaCl and HCl |
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are composed of elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio, respectively.
They are used as storage forms of energy and structural molecules.
Ex: Glucose and Glycogen are storage forms of energy in Animals. Starch is a storage of energy in Plants. |
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single sugar subunits
Ex: Glucose, Mannose, Galactose
a type of carbohydrate |
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form of two monosaccharide subunits joined by Dehydration synthesis(loss of H2O)
Ex: Maltose and Sucrose |
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are polymers or chain of repeating monosaccharide subunits
Ex: Glycogen and Starch |
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| Dehydration and Hydrolysis |
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Dehydration is the removal of water to form polysaccharides
Hydrolysis is the addition of water to break down large molecules into smaller molecules |
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they contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen like carbohydrates, but the ratio is 2:1 as they have much more H than O.
consists of 3 fatty acid molecules bonded to 1 glycerol backbone
Has hydrophobic character from long carbon chains
they release more energy per gram weight than any other class |
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| contains glycerol, two fatty acids, a phosphate group, and nitrogen containing alcohol |
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all have three fused cyclohexane rings and one fused cyclopentane ring.
they include cholesterol, sex hormones, testosterone, and estrogen, and corticosteroids |
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pigments which produce red, yellow, orange, and brown colors in pants and animals.
two subgroups are the carotenes and xanthophylls |
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AKA tetrapyrroles, which contain four joined pyrrole rings
they often contain a metal in the middle, ie, heme and chlorophyll
Heme=Fe and Chlorophyll=Mg |
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