teres minor

origin: middle part of the lateral border of the scapula

insertion: inferior facet on the posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus

nerve: axillary nerve

artery: circumflext scapular artery, subscapular artery

action: rotator cuff muscle; lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint. 

origin: posterior surface of inferior angle of the scapula

insertion: medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus on the anterior surface fo the humerus

Nerve: lower subscapular nerve

Artery: circumflex scapular artery, subscapular artery

Action:  adduction and medial rotation of arm 

origin: medial 2/3 of the subscapular fossa

insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus

nerve: upper and lower subscapular nerves

artery: subscapular artery

action: rotator cuff muscle, medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Nerve: axillary nerve

artery: deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery

action: abducts, adducts, flexes, extends, and rotates arm medially and laterally

origin: long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

short head- apex of coracoid process

insertion: radial tuberosity

innervation- musculocutaneous nerve

artery: brachial artery

action: flexes forearm, supinates forearm, accessory flexor at the glenohumeral joint 

-caused by indirect force through the hand/arm or direct fall on the shoulder

-weakest part= the junction between the middle and lateral thirds

-the sternocleidomastoid will bring the medial 2/3 up so it sticks out and also the shoulder will drop

-in younger children you get a greenstick fracture; one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent.

Surgical neck: axillary nerve

radial groove:  radial nerve

distal end of the humerus: median nerve

medial epicondyle: ulnar nerve

1.  fractures of the surgical neck-  most common in elderly, often impacted (compact bone from one fragment gets jammed in trabecular bone of the other fragment), results from a minor fall on the hand. 

2.  Avulsion fracture of the greater tubercle of humerus-  greater tubercle is torn away bc of fall on the acromion fall on the hand when arm is abducted. The subscapularis rotates the humerus medially.

3.  Transverse fracture of the shaft of the humerus- direct blow to the arm.  The deltoid abducts the proximal fragment.

4.  Spiral fracture of the humeral shaft- fall on the outstretched hand

5.  Intercondylar fracture of the humerus-  severe fall on the flexed elbow.  The olecranon is driven btwn the condyles, seperating the humeral shaft.

Internal thoracic aftery and thyrocervical trunk

sometimes suprascapular

origin: anterior aspect of the humerus and adjacent intermuscular septae

insertion: tuberosity of the ulna

nerve: musculocutaneous nerve

artery: brachial artery and recurrent radial artery

action: flexes forearm at the elbow joint;

origin: apex of the coracoid process

insertion: middle third of the medial surface of the humerus

nerve: musculocutaneous nerve

artery: brachial artery

action: helps in flexion and adduction of arm

origin: long head- infraglenoid tubercle

lateral head- posterior surface of the humerus

medial head- posterior surface of the humerus

insertion: olecranon of the ulna

nerve: radial nerve

artery: profunca brachii artery

action: extends forearm.  Long head extends and adducts the arm at the shoulder joint

origin: humeral head- medial epicondyle

ulnar head- side of the coranoid process

insertion:  roughening on the lateral surface midshaft of the radius

nerve: median nerve

artery: ulnar artery, anterior recurrent ulnar artery

action: pronation and flexion of forearm

medial epicondyle of the humerus

insertion: base of metacarpals II and III

nerve:  median nerve

artery: ulnar artery

action: flexes and abducts the wrist