Term
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Definition
| The autonomic nervous system is also known as the involuntary or voluntary nervous system? |
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Term
| innervates skeletal muscle |
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Definition
| what are the effectors or what does the somatic nervous system innervate? |
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Term
| smooth and cardiac muscle, glands |
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Definition
| what are the effectors or what does the automatic nervous system innervate? |
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Term
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Definition
| what kind of efferent pathway does the somatic nervous system have? |
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Term
two-neuron pathway
-preganglionic or presynaptic neuron
-postganglionic or postsynaptic neuron |
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Definition
| what kind of efferent pathway does the automatic nervous system have? |
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Term
| sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system? |
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Term
| always acetylcholine and always excitatory |
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Definition
| what is the response of target organ to neurotransmitters from the somatic nervous system? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the autonomic nervous system response of target organ to neurotransmitters from preganglionic fibers (all preganglionic fibers in parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system) |
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Term
| norepinephrine (most); excitatory or inhibitory (some preganglionic and presynaptic axons that go to the adrenal medulla; these preganglionic and presynaptic axons will synapse onto cells in adrenal medulla; cells in adrenal medulla never developed an axon so they will still release epinephrine and noepinephrine into surrounding tissue fluid as a HORMONE (not as NT)-release of these hormones-> helps increase bodies sympathetic response and take a lot longer to get rid of those hormones in the bloodstream as for when they are NTs) |
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Definition
| what is the response of the target organ to neurotransmitters from the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system? |
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Term
| always acetylcholine; excitatory or inhibitory |
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Definition
| what is the response of the target organ to neurotransmitters of the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic fibers? |
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Term
| brain and sacral spinal cord (S2-S4); craniosacral in origin |
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Definition
| where is the location of the parasympathetic fibers? |
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Term
| thoracolumbar region (T1-L2) |
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Definition
| where is the location of the sympathetic fibers? |
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Term
parasympathetic-> long preganglionic fibers; short postganglionic fibers (preganglionic fibers synapse at the walls of the organs)
sympathetic-> short preganglionic fibers; long postganglionic fibers (usually synapse right by the spinal cord) |
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Definition
| what are the relative lengths of fibers for the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems? |
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Term
parasympathetic-> in/near visceral effector organs
sympathetic-> close to spinal cord |
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Definition
| where is the location of the ganglia for the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| synapse near or actually in wall of organ they are innervating |
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Term
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Definition
| presynaptic neurons synapse with postsynaptic neurons in __________ ___________ |
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Term
1. oculomotor nerve (CNIII)
2. Facial Nerve (CNVII)
3. Glossopharyngeal nerves (CNIX)
4. vagus nerves (CNX) |
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Definition
| what are the nerves of the cranial parasympathetic axons? |
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Term
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Definition
| innervates smooth muscles in eyes; pupils to constrict and lens to budge |
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Term
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Definition
| innervates nasal, lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands |
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Term
| glossopharyngeal nerves (CNIX) |
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Definition
| innervates parotid gland (largest of salivary glands)- to produce saliva and secretions |
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Term
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Definition
| compose of preganglionic parasympathetic axons; these paraganglionic parasympathetic axons synapse in intramural ganglia with the cell bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons; postsynaptic fibers then innervate heart, lungs, liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, and proximal 1/2 of large intestine; provides parasympathetic fibers to almost every organ in the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
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Term
| ventral roots; ventral rami |
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Definition
| the preganglionic parasympathetic (sacral region) neurons exit the spinal cord via dorsal or ventral roots?, travel through spinal nerves, and then through the dorsal or ventral rami?; they then exit the ventral rami and form PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES |
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Term
| distal 1/2 of large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive organs |
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Definition
| what does the pelvic splanchnic nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system innervate? |
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Term
| sympathetic division; we can bring sympathetic information all through trunk and lower limb, in the head and neck--all parts of the body! |
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Definition
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Term
| preganglionic fibers leave spinal cord through a VENTRAL ROOT, pass into SPINAL NERVE, and then travel a via a WHITE RAMUS COMMUNICANS into a PARAVERTEBRAL (CHAIN) GANGLION on the SYMPATHETIC TRUNK OR CHAIN |
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Definition
| where does the impulse go after leaving the spinal cord in the sympathetic division? |
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Term
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Definition
| all neurons in the lateral horn are afferent, efferent, or multipolar neurons? |
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Term
1. synpase with postganglionic neuron; postganglionic fiber then exits the sympathetic chain via the gray ramus communicans and enters the ventral or dorssal ramus of the adjoining spinal nerve
2. ascend or descend in the sympathetic chain and synapse with a postganglionic neuron in a different paravertebral ganglion; the postganglionic fiber then exits the sympathetic chain via gray ramus communicans and enters the ventral or dorsal ramus of the adjoining spinal nerve
3. can leave sympathetic chain without synapsing (leave as preganglionic fiber) and form a splanchnic nerve (wondering nerve); the preganglionic fiber will synapse in a prevertebral or collateral ganglion with a postganglionic neurons (synpase on aorta-lots of blood vessel and can travel along with them to organs that they are supplying) |
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Definition
| once a preganglionic fiber enters a paravertebral ganglion on the sympathetic chain, what three things can happen? |
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Term
1. white-myelinated (preganglionic fibers; only found at T1-L2 cord segments)
2. gray (unmyelinted; postganglionic fibers; found all along spinal cord) |
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Definition
| what are the two types of rami communicantes? |
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Term
| visceral organs receive dual innervation; cardiac muscle of heart and smooth muscle of digestive and urinary tract organs receive dominate innervation from parasympathetic division; can be overridden by sympathetic division during stress; blood vessels are innervted by sympathetic division only which means the sympathetic division mediates body temperature; adrenal medulla, sweat glands of skin, arrector pili muscles of skin, and kidneys receive sympathetic fibers only |
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Definition
| what is the interactions (or lack of) between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions? |
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Term
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Definition
| what nervous system mediates body temperature? |
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Term
parasympathetic: stimulates secretory activity
sympathetic: inhibts secretory activity, causes vasoconstriction of blood vessles supplying the glands |
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Definition
| what effects does the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions have on the glands? |
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Term
parasympathetic: constricts
sympathetic: opens them up |
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Definition
| what effect does the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems have on the lungs? |
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Term
parasympathetic: excites
sympathetic: inhibits |
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Definition
| what effect does the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems have on the gallbladder? |
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