Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans
Free-living pseudocoelomates
Have complete digestive tract
Have hydrostatic skeleton
Have a ring of cilia around mouth (corona)
Some reproduce by parthenogenesis (female's produce eggs that don't require fertilization)
Have a mastax (organ for grinding up food) |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans
Are aquatic and free-living
Posses lophophore
Ectoprocts have hard exoskeleton and are mostly colonial
Brachiopods have hinged shell |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans
Are both aquatic and terrestrial
Are free-living
Are coelomate
Have three body regions:
Foot
Visceral mass
Mantle (and mantle cavity)
Includes the HAM
Many feed by using radula (rasp-like organ for scraping up food). |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans > Mollusca
Are very primitive marine animals that graze using a radula.
Have an eight plate dorsal shell. |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans > Mollusca
Are both aquatic and terrestrial
Achieve gas exchange via gills or mantle
Embryos undergo torsion (whole body twists during development)
Have a spiral shell (if shell present) |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans > Mollusca
Are aquatic
Achieve gas exchange via gills
Are filter feeders
Have a ventral hinged shell
Most are sessile
Mantle has siphons that allow water flow when shell is closed |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans > Mollusca
Are aquatic
Achieve gas exchange via gills
Are predators
Foot has been modified to head and tentacles
Have a closed circulatory system (blood is contained in blood vessels)
Have highly developed sense organs and a high degree of cephalization
Nautilus is the only cephalopod with an external shell |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans
Both aquatic and terrestrial
Achieve gas exchange via their epidermis
Are free-living, predators, or parasites
Are segmented and true coelomate
No respiratory system |
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Term
| Oligochaetes (earthworms) |
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans > Annelida
Have setae and complete digestive tract with typhlosole (fold in gut that increases absorption)
Have a closed circulatory system with five pumping vessels (psuedohearts)
Most earthworms are hermaphrodites
Have a clitellum (organ that produces secretion that eggs and sperm are deposited on).
Some reproduce asexually by fragmentation and regeneration. |
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Term
| Polychaetes (marine worms) |
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans > Annelida
Are all marine predators
Crawl and burrow
Have parapodia (extensions on each segment) are used for locomotion and gas exchange
Mouthparts are modified for catching prey (extendable throat with jaws)
Have complete gut |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans > Annelida
Most are free-living, some blood feeders
Have an incomplete gut (no anus)
Saliva contains anesthetic and anticoagulant (Hirudin)
Medical use in maintaining blood flow to reattached body parts
Not segmented |
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Term
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Definition
Periodically replace outer surface in order to grow (ecdysis or molting)
Two Phyla:
Nematoda
Arthropoda |
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Term
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Definition
Ecdysozoans
Non-segmented
Psuedocoelomates
Hydrostatic Skeleton
Longitudinal muscles only |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Nematoda
Larvae enters skin through mosquito. Adult Wuchereria produce microfilariae (larvae) that migrate into lymph and blood channels. When another mosquito takes a meal it ingests the microfilariae, which then migrate to the mosquito's proboscis. |
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Term
| Dracunculus (Guinea Worm) |
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Definition
| Starts when human drinks water that contain infected copepods. When copepods die larvae are released and penetrate their hosts stomach and intestinal wall. The larvae then mature and reproduce. Fertilized female worms migrate to the surface of the skin, cause a blister, and discharge larvae when the blister comes into contact with water. Larvae in the water are consumed by copepods. |
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Term
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Definition
Ecdysozoans
Coelomate
Exoskeleton with chitin.
Segmented (with tagmatization).
Jointed appendages.
Open circulatory system.
Have gills, book lungs (filamentous structures with large blood supply in spiders), or tracheal system (tubes that receive air from spicules in insects).
Early arthropods did not have tagmatization. |
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Term
| Cheliceriforms (ticks, mites) |
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Definition
Ecdysozoans > Arthropoda
Have two tagmata: Cephalothorax (head/thorax) and abdomen.
Have chelicerae (special mouthparts for piercing or biting).
Have four pairs of walking legs (1st pair have pedipalps to help catch prey).
Includes arachnids (spiders). |
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Term
| Myriapods (Centipedes, Millipedes) |
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Definition
Ecdysozoans > Arthropoda
Small degree of cephalization.
Centipedes are predators
Millipedes are scavengers
Millipedes have two pairs of legs per segment.
Have jaw-like mandibles. |
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Term
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Definition
Ecdysozoans > Arthropoda
Largest group of arthropods.
Have compound eyes.
Thorax has three pairs of legs and 1-2 pairs of wings.
Great variety of mouthparts.
Develop via complete metamorphosis or incomplete metamorphosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Larvae develops into pupa, where it's tissues are broken down and it is "rebuilt" into an adult form. None of the stages compete with each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| Egg hatches to an immature version of the adult form. This "nymph" then molts through several "instars" until it becomes a sexually mature adult. There is competition between stages for food. |
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Term
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Definition
Ecdysozoans > Arthropoda
Have a variety of appendages.
Have two tagmata (cephalothorax and abdomen).
Isopods: Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine. Includes Pill-Bugs.
Decapods: Mostly marine. Cuticle is hardened by calcium-carbonate (lobsters, crayfish).
Copepods: Small crustaceans with soft regions in their shells. |
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