Term
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Definition
Are multicellular
Are heterotrophic
Lack cell walls
Reproduce sexually
Have similar development |
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Term
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Definition
| Body can be cut into identical halves on any plane around the center. |
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Term
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Definition
| Body has a left and a right half. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organism has only two germ layers (no mesoderm). |
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Term
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Definition
| Organism has all three germ layers. |
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Term
| Coelomate (true coelomate) |
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Definition
| Organism has tissue layers (mesoderm) that line both the body wall (ectoderm) and the gut (endoderm). |
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Term
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Definition
| Organism has a tissue layer (mesoderm) that lines the body wall (ectoderm). |
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Term
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Definition
| Organism has a tissue filled region (mesoderm) in between the body wall (ectoderm) and the gut (endoderm). |
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Term
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Definition
| Solid masses of mesoderm split and form coelom. The zygote has spiral cleavage and the cells are determinate. The mouth develops from the blastopore. |
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Term
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Definition
| Folds of the archenteron form coelom. The zygote has radial cleavage and the cells are indeterminate. The anus froms from the blastopore. |
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Term
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Definition
Used to be categorized into phylum Porifera. Now divided into phylums:
Calcarea (calcium carbonate spicules)
Silicea
Have special cells called amoebocytes that use psuedopodia and digest food for other cells to use.
Most sponges are hermaphrodites. |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans
Consist of a "sac" with a central digestive compartment (gastrovascular cavity).
Polyp (sessile, reproduces asexually by budding) and medusa (motile, reproduces sexually, zygote develops into ciliated larva called "planula") body plans. Have cells called cnidocytes that contain organelles called cnidae. Cnidae are capsule-like organelles that are capable of exploding outwards. Specialized cnidae called nematocysts can fire a stinging thread capable of penetrating prey. Other cnidae have long threads that stick to/entangle prey.
Have hydrostatic skeleton.
Have contractile tissues and nerve net.
Divided into:
Hydrozoans (Man-of-War, Hydras, Obelia): Both polyp and medusa stage. Mostly marine.
Scyphozoa (jellies, sea nettle): Polyp stage absent/reduced. All marine.
Cubozoa (box jellies, sea wasps): Potent venom and complex eyes. All marine.
Anthozoa (sea anemones, most corals, sea fans): No medusa stage. All marine. |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans
18 phyla
Triploblastic
Bilateral Symmetry
Have a lophophore (crown of ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth) or trochophore(have a apical tuft of cilia) larvae. |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans
Flatworms
Acoelomate
Some free living some parasitic.
Shape aids gas exchange (all cells are close to surface).
Have a highly branched gut.
Lack a circulatory system.
Use protonephridia (network of tubules) for ionic balance. |
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Term
| Tubellarians (Planarians) |
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans > Platyhelminthes
Can regenerate tissues.
Can reproduce asexually (split and regenerate).
Exhibit cephalization (head with eyespots and nerve ganglia).
Have a ciliated body surface. Includes Dugesia. |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans > Platyhelminthes
External parasites of fish.
Internal fertilization.
Ciliated larva that attach to new host. |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans > Platyhelminthes
Internal parasites of vertebrates.
Internal Fertilization.
Complex life cycle.
Includes Schistosoma spp. |
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Term
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Definition
Digeans
Mature flukes live in the blood vessels of the human intestine. Female fits into a groove on the male's body. Flukes reproduce sexually in human host. Fertilized eggs exit host. If eggs reach water they develop into ciliated larvae. Larvae infect snails (intermediate host). Asexual reproduction within the snail results in another type of motile larvae. These larvae escapes the snail host and are able to penetrate the skin and blood vessels of humans. |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoans > Lophotrochozoans > Platyhelminthes
Parasites in gut of vertebrates.
Attach via scolex (organ with suckers and hooks).
Reproduce via proglottids (sac that contains sex organs). |
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Term
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Definition
Cestoda
Larvae can burrow into the tissue of pigs and cows and form cysts. Ingested cysts grow into tapeworms. |
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Term
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Definition
Cestoda
Dog tapeworm whose cysts grow and bud without limit. |
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Term
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Definition
| All animals with true tissues. |
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