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- Members of the Progressive Period who wanted to make America a better & safer place to live
- Education had a key role to play
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- 1/2 of rural population gave up farming & moved to cities; 15+ million immigrants settled primarily in cities
- many new city dwellers lacked education, practical skills, & financial resources
- very few social, educational, or government services were available to help
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- all states had laws requiring children to go to elementary school
- many of those policies are still in use today
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- African American children attended seperate school that had less funding
- materials were scarce & second-rate
- African American teachers could only teach in African American school & were paid significantly less
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- considered professionals
- teacher prep classes in colleges replaces normal schools
- more emphesis on educational theories
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- teachers became unhappy with the standardization
- wanted freedom in the classroom
- first labor union created to try & improve pay, status, & working conditions
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- during Progressive Period, women entered workforce in greater numbers
- many became teachers, some even became principals
- by the end of the Progressive Period, women were able to vote, & some say it's because of their power in the classroom
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- focused on students as individuals
- students encouraged to think critically & independently
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- educational philosopher, psychologist, & writer
- a leading voice for progressive education
- believed classrooms were inflexible & didn't adapt to the needs, interests, & abilities of individual students
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- Italian physician, educator, & innovator
- created Montessori Method stating kids need sensory experiences before they learn to read & write.
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