Term
| Identify the candidates and major issues in the 1960 presidential campaign. |
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Definition
NIXON AND KENNEDY
a rise in unemployment
CIVIL RIGHTS |
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Term
| Assess Kennedy's civil rights accomplishments. |
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Definition
| he declined to assume leadership on behalf of racial justice until late in his term, when civil rights activists gave him no choice. But he did sign legislation making it illegal to pay women less than men for the same work AND HE WAS THE ONE TO PROPOSE THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 64 |
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Term
| Analyze the successes and failures of Johnson’s anti-poverty programs and legislation. |
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Definition
The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 authorized ten programs under the new Office of Economic Opportunity and allocated $800 million for the first year including Head Start for preschoolers, work-study grants for college students, and the Job Corps for unemployed young people.
the Community Action Program (CAP) required of the poor themselves in antipoverty programs.
Poor people began to organize local community action programs to take control of their neighborhoods and make welfare agencies, school boards, police departments, and housing authorities more accountable to the people they served. When mayors complained that activists were causing trouble for local governments Johnson backed off from pushing genuine representation for the poor |
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Term
| Assess the impact of new civil rights organizations, such as the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. |
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Definition
| a decentralized, nonhierarchical structure that fostered decision making and the development of leadership at the grassroots level. |
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Term
| Explain how race riots in the West and the North redirected the focus of the black civil rights movement. |
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Definition
| The press paid inordinate attention to black radicals, and the civil rights movement encountered a severe white backlash. |
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Term
| Analyze the rise of black nationalism. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the grievances and tactics of the Native American protest movement. |
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Definition
Native Americans demonstrated and occupied land and public buildings, claiming rights to natural resources and territory they had owned collectively before European settlement.
n 1963, Northwest Indians mounted “fish-ins” to enforce century-old treaty rights. In 1969, Native American militants captured world attention when several dozen seized Alcatraz Island, an abandoned federal prison in San Francisco Bay, claiming their right of “first discovery” of this land.
In Minneapolis in 1968, two Chippewa Indians, Dennis Banks and George Mitchell, founded the American Indian Movement (AIM) to attack problems in cities, where about 300,000 Indians lived. AIM sought to protect Indians from police harassment, secure antipoverty funds, and establish “survival schools” to teach Indian history and values.
AIM leaders helped organize the “Trail of Broken Treaties” caravan to the nation's capital in 1972, when some of the activists took over the Bureau of Indian Affairs to express their outrage at the bureau's paternalism, policies, and bureaucratic interference in Indians' lives. In 1973, a much longer siege occurred on the Lakota Sioux reservation in South Dakota. Conflicts there between AIM militants and older tribal leaders led AIM to take over for seventy-two days the village of Wounded Knee.
Although these dramatic occupations failed to achieve their specific goals, Indians won the end of relocation and termination policies; greater tribal sovereignty and control over community services; enhanced health, education, and other services; and protection of Indian religious practices |
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Term
| Discuss the leadership, focus, and impact of the Latino civil rights movement. |
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Definition
Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta organized a movement to improve the conditions of migrant agricultural workers.
they founded the United Farm Workers (UFW) in 1962 and mounted a nationwide boycott of California grapes
President Johnson responded in 1967 by appointing Vicente T. Ximenes as the first Mexican American to serve on the commission and by creating a special committee on Mexican American affairs.
In Denver, Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales set up “freedom schools” where Chicano children studied the Spanish language and Mexican American history.
La Raza Unida was founded in 1970 by José Angel Gutierrez in Texas |
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Term
| Analyze the key features of the New Left and counterculture of the 1960s. |
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Definition
The central organization of white student protest was Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) aimed to mobilize a “New Left” around the goals of civil rights, peace, and universal economic security.
the counterculture (Cultural radicals, or “hippies,”) rejected mainstream values such as the work ethic, materialism, rationality, order, and sexual control. Seeking personal rather than political change, they advocated “Do your own thing” and drew attention with their long hair and wildly colorful clothing. They sought to discard inhibitions and elevate their senses with illegal drugs such as marijuana and LSD. |
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Term
| Analyze the feminist and anti-feminist movements of the 1960s and 1970s. |
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Definition
In 1961, Assistant Secretary of Labor Esther Peterson persuaded President Kennedy to create the President's Commission on the Status of Women
PCSW highlighted the age-old custom of paying women less than men for the same work.
white male radicals in the New Left, who responded with indifference or ridicule.
in June 1963, Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act making wage disparities based on gender illegal.
Women gained the ban against sex discrimination in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
NOW focused on equal treatment for women in the public sphere; women's liberation emphasized ending women's subordination in the family and in other personal relationships.
Women of color criticized white women's organizations for their frequent indifference to the disproportionate poverty experienced by minority women and their vulnerability to additional layers of discrimination based on race or ethnicity. |
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Term
| Summarize the factors that led to the electoral success of Richard Nixon in 1968. |
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Definition
| Feminism, Opposition to civil rights measures, Great Society reforms, and protest groups—along with frustrations surrounding the war in Vietnam |
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