Term
| DESCRIBE THE HOOVER AND ROOSEVELT ADMINISTRATIONS' RESPONSES TO THE BONUS MARCHERS |
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Definition
President Herbert Hoover opposed the payment, his House of Representatives, controlled by Democrats, voted to pay but the Senate, dominated by Hoover's fellow Republicans, rejected the bonus.
Roosevelt explained that he could not support the bonus because he considered it too expensive, although he was determined to help them and other victims of the depression |
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Term
| ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF POLIO ON THE LIFE OF FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT |
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Definition
Tireless physical therapy helped him regain his vitality and intense desire for high political office.
attendin physical therapy in Georgia helped make him a rare political creature: a New Yorker from the Democratic Party's urban and immigrant wing with whom whites from the Democratic Party's entrenched southern wing felt comfortable. |
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Term
| EXPLAIN HOW FDR'S POLITICAL BELIEFS AND STYLE CONTRASTED WITH CONSERVATIVE'S LAISSEZ FAIRE APPROACH |
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Definition
| Roosevelt believed that government should intervene to protect citizens from economic hardships rather than do nothing but wait for the law of supply and demand to improve the economy. |
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Term
| ANALYZE THE MAJOR ISSUES IN THE 1932 NATIONAL ELECTION |
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Definition
| prohibition, great depression, Bonus Marchers |
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Term
| Describe the factions within the Democratic Party as the 1932 presidential election approached. |
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Definition
| This southern, native-born, white, rural, Protestant, conservative wing of the Democratic Party found little common ground with the northern, immigrant, urban, disproportionately Catholic, liberal wing. Rural and native-born drys (supporters of prohibition) clashed with urban and foreign-born wets (opponents of prohibition). |
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Term
| Enumerate Roosevelt’s New Deal objectives/goals. |
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Definition
to provide RELIEF to the destitute
to foster the economic RECOVERY of farms and businesses (creating jobs)
to REFORM the government and economy (reduce the risk of devastating consequences in future economic slumps) |
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Term
| Identify the economic area in which the Roosevelt administration achieved its first New Deal success. |
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Definition
| shore up banks and restore depositors' confidence |
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Term
| Discuss how the New Deal sought to help farmers. |
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Definition
the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) authorized the “domestic allotment plan,” which paid farmers not to grow crops. cut agricultural production, thereby raised crop prices and farmers' income
New Dealers also sponsored the Farm Credit Act (FCA) to provide long-term credit on mortgaged farm property |
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Term
| Summarize the opposition to the New Deal from the right and from the left. |
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Definition
| From the right, Republicans and business people charged that New Deal programs were too radical, undermining private property, economic stability, and democracy. Critics on the left faulted the New Deal for its failure to allay the human suffering caused by the depression and for its timidity in attacking corporate power and greed. |
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Term
| Describe the goals and work of the American Communist Party during the Depression. |
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Definition
| organize labor unions, protect the civil rights of black people, and help the destitute, but the party preached the overthrow of “bourgeois democracy” and the destruction of capitalism in favor of Soviet-style communism |
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Term
| Name the New Deal’s most prominent critics and their messages. |
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Definition
| Republicans and business leaders fulminated against New Deal efforts to regulate or reform what they considered their private enterprises. blamed the New Deal for betraying basic constitutional guarantees of freedom and individualism. |
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Term
| Describe the New Deal’s political and legislative support for labor and the New Deal’s impact on labor unions |
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Definition
| With the support of the Wagner Act, union membership expanded almost fivefold, to fourteen million, by the time of Roosevelt's death in 1945. By then, 30 percent of the workforce was unionized, the highest union representation in American history. |
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Term
| Identify the single most important program of the New Deal’s welfare state, its supporters,and its opponents |
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Definition
| Social Security highlighted class differences among Americans. Support for the measure came from a coalition of advocacy groups for the elderly and the poor, traditional progressives, leftists, social workers, and labor unions. Arrayed against them were economic conservatives, including the American Liberty League, the National Association of Manufacturers, the Chamber of Commerce, and the American Medical Association. |
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Term
| Analyze the goals and consequences of Roosevelt’s attempt to pack the Supreme Court. |
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Definition
He proposed that one new justice be added for each existing judge who had served for ten years and was over the age of seventy
Although Roosevelt's court-packing plan failed, Supreme Court justices got the message. After the furor abated, Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes and fellow moderate Owen Roberts moderated their views enough to keep the Court from invalidating the Wagner Act and Social Security. Then the most conservative of the elderly justices-the “four horsemen of reaction,” one New Dealer called them—retired. |
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Term
| Analyze the achievements and limits of the New Deal in ending the Depression. |
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Definition
| New Deal measures had steadily boosted the economy and largely eliminated the depression crisis. the gross national product in 1937 briefly equaled the 1929 level before dropping lower for the rest of the decade. Unemployment declined to 14 percent in 1937 but quickly spiked upward and stayed higher until 1940. |
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