Term
| Explain how Native American tribal life came to an end by the 1890s |
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Definition
| The Dawes Act completed the dispossession of the western Indian peoples and dealt a crippling blow to traditional tribal culture. |
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Term
| Describe President Grant's "peace policy" and its impact on Native Americans |
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Definition
The “peace policy,” advocated reservations as a way to segregate and control the Indians while opening up land to white settlers.
Indians refused to give up their hunting grounds and move onto reservations, the army launched military campaigns to “bring in” bands who would not accept confinement. Poverty and starvation stalked the reservations and they became cultural battlegrounds. |
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Term
| Discuss the intent and the consequences of the Dawes Act of 1887 |
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Definition
Intent: ividing up reservations and allotting parcels of land to individual Indians as private property. Each Indian household was eligible to receive 160 acres of land from reservation property. Only those Indians who took allotments earned citizenship.
Consequences: The Dawes Act effectively reduced Indian land from 138 million acres to a scant 48 million. |
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Term
| Describe the nonviolent form of resistance employed by native americans on the plains by the 1880s |
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Definition
| they used a compelling new religion called the Ghost Dance. it frightened whites, especially when the Sioux taught that wearing a white ghost shirt made Indians immune to soldiers' bullets. Soon whites began to fear an uprising. |
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Term
| Identify the 1890 event that signaled the end of indian resistance in the west. |
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Definition
| when Sitting Bull joined the Ghost Dance, he was killed by Indian police as they tried to arrest him at his cabin on the Standing Rock Reservation. His people, fleeing the scene, joined with a larger group of Miniconjou Sioux, who were apprehended by the Seventh Cavalry, Custer's old regiment, near Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota. As the Indians laid down their arms, a shot rang out, and the soldiers opened fire. |
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Term
| Describe a typical mining town of the Wild West |
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Definition
| lawless outposts, filled with saloons and rough gambling dens and populated almost exclusively by men, except for the occasional dance-hall floozy |
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Term
| Explain the federal government's policy of "benign neglect" of the western territories |
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Definition
| The president appointed a governor, a secretary, and two to four judges, along with an attorney and a marshal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Black soldiers who served in the West during the Indian wars |
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Term
| define nativism and describe how it affected chinese settlers in california |
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Definition
an anti-immigration movement
Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, effectively barring Chinese immigration and becoming a precedent for further immigration restrictions. The Chinese Exclusion Act led to a sharp drop in the Chinese population—from 105,465 in 1880 to 89,863 in 1900—because Chinese immigrants, overwhelmingly male, did not have families to sustain their population. |
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Term
| discuss the factors that stimulated a land rush in the trans-mississippi west |
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Definition
| The Homestead Act of 1862 promised 160 acres free to any citizen or prospective citizen, male or female, who settled on the land for five years. Even more important, transcontinental railroads opened up new areas and actively recruited settlers. After the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869, homesteaders abandoned the covered wagon, and by the 1880s they could choose from four competing rail lines and make the trip in a matter of days. |
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Term
| NAME THE LARGEST COORPORATE LANDOWNERS IN THE WEST |
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Definition
| Two Alsatian immigrants, Henry Miller and Charles Lux |
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Term
| LOCATE THE LAST INDIAN TERRITORY TO BE OPEN TO WHITE SETTLERS |
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Definition
| OKLAHOMA INDIAN TERRITORY |
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Term
| IDENTIFY THE INVENTION THAT REVOLUTIONIZED CATTLE RACHING AND DISCUSS HOW IT CHANGED IT |
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Definition
Barbed wire
Fencing forced small-time ranchers who owned land but could not afford to buy barbed wire or sink wells to sell out for the best price they could get. |
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Term
| DEFINE VAQUERO AND DISCUSS THE FATE OF VAQUEROS BY THE 1880S |
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Definition
California's Mexican cowboys
when the coming of the railroads ended the long cattle drives and large feedlots began to replace the open range, the value of their skills declined. Many vaqueros ended up as migrant laborers, often on land their families had once owned. |
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Term
| DISCUSS THE FACTORS THAT TRANSFORMED FAMILY FARMS INTO AGRIBUSNIESS |
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Definition
new technology and farming techniques
Urbanization provided farmers with expanding markets for their produce, and railroads carried crops to markets thousands of miles away. |
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