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both paul and john indicate that jesus was preexistent prior to his incarnation |
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john's prologue says that jesus took on the form of a slave/servant" |
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Paul speaks of the preexistent christ as creator of the world |
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Mark uses the title "son of god" very frequently in his gospel |
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for paul, the preexistent christ was in the "form of god" |
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according to john the logos was present at the beginning with god |
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basil believed that the method of sub-numeration was the best way to number the trinity |
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a low christology focuses on jesus' preexistence |
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The gospel of mark contains an infancy narrative |
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the incarnation refers to the death and resurrection of jesus |
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paul and john both say that those who believe in jesus are born not by human or decision but by God |
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arius believed that jesus was both god and human |
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st. basil used the image of a naval battle to refer to the arian heresy |
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st. basil's use of the naval battle imagery was to encourage fights among christians |
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In mark's gospel jesus is very eager to let everyone know the great deeds he performed |
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basils opponents believed that the holy spirit is ranked on the same level with the father and the son |
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basil rejected belief in one god |
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the arian heresy first arose in 360 c.e |
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Apollinarius taught that jesus was a combination of the logos, a human body, and a full human soul |
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the council of Nicaea was unable to produce a creed |
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Cyril the patriarch of Alexandria, was the chief opponent of the arian heresy |
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Arius believed that jesus was an intermediary creature neither divine nor human |
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the council of nicaea was unable to find a word to express that jesus and god the father had the same nature/being |
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the creed produced at the council of Constantinople was based on the nicene creed |
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Athanasius believed that god created the logos out of nothing |
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Athanasius argued that if jesus was not god as well as man then we could not be saved because only god can overcome the ontological gap between god and humans |
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Theologians from Antioch generally had a high Christology |
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A theologian who has a high Christology is one whose emphasis is on the humanity of Christ. |
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basil uses the image of a king and his image to explain how god is one |
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The First Council of Constantinople addressed Jesus’ humanity and the divinity of the Holy Spirit. |
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A Christology from below focuses on Jesus’ pre-existence and the fact that he came down to earth from a pre-existent divine state. |
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the Alexandrian theologians of the 4th and 5th century C.E. tended to focus on the unity of Christ. |
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The trinity is three divine persons in one divine nature. |
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Nestorius opposed calling Mary, Theotokos. |
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Cyril was Nestorius’ main opponent. |
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In the theological conflict between Cyril and Nestorius, Rome sided with Nestorius. |
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The Council of Chalcedon declared that Jesus was one person with one nature. |
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Christotokos means Mother of God. |
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Theodoret of Cyrrhus was an opponent of the Creed of Union. |
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The Creed of Union was proposed prior to the Council of Ephesus. |
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The Council of Ephesus declared that Mary was rightly called Theotokos. |
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The Council of Chalcedon affirmed the correctness of the diophysite position. |
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Nestorius was Patriarch of Constantinople. |
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The Monophysites believed that Jesus had two distinct natures. |
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Eutyches was a Monophysite. |
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Roman emperors were never involved in Christian doctrinal disputes. |
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Pope Leo was the Pope in Rome at the time of the Monophysite heresy. |
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The Creed of Union denied that Jesus was homoousios both with the Father and with us. |
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According to Chalcedon, the natures in Christ are without confusion and without change. |
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The trinity is three divine persons with three distinct natures. |
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Chalcedon declared that in Jesus, when the human and the divine nature come together, they mix and form a brand new hybrid nature. |
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Chalcedon declared that while it is proper to say that in Christ, “God died on the cross,” it is incorrect to claim “the man Jesus created the world.” |
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The Council of Chalcedon declared that with respect to the person of Christ, there is no division or separation. |
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From Chalcedon we get the phrase the “communication of idioms,” which is the same thing as “the exchange of attributes.” |
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Jesus Christ is a human person with two distinct natures. |
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