Term
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Definition
Colonial Period
William Bradford |
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Term
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Definition
Poetry and journals
Colonial Period
New England life |
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Term
| The History of the Dividing Line |
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Definition
William Byrd, a Cavalier with King George's blessing to the New World
Journal
Colonial Period |
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Term
| Speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses |
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Definition
"Give me liberty, or give me death"
Patrick Henry
Revolutionary Period |
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Term
| Farewell to the Army of the Potomac |
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Definition
George Washington
Revolutionary Period |
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Term
| Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
Revolutionary Period
Thomas Jefferson
Ed., Benjamin Franklin |
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Term
| Revolutionary Period Epistles |
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Definition
| Correspondence between John and Abigail Adams |
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Term
| Cricket on the Hearth series |
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Definition
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Children's stories
Romantic Period |
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Term
"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment"
"The Devil and Tom Walker"
"Rappaccini's Daughter" |
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Definition
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Short Stories
Romantic Period |
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Term
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Definition
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Novel - Romantic Period
New England Puritans entrenched in judgmental finger wagging ostracize Hester for child out of wedlock and condemn her child Pearl as a child of Satan. |
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Term
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Definition
Herman Mellville
Romantic Period 1851
Whaler Captain Ahab is obsessed with catching the whale that has taken his leg and outwitted him numerous times.
Themes:
Man in conflict with natural world, religion and God's role in the universe, good and evil, cause and effect, duty, conscience |
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Term
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Definition
Herman Melville
Romantic Period (Pub. 1924)
Billy Budd suffers christ-like sacrifice when an accident results in the death of a ship's officer, Claggert. Captain Vere must hang Billy to maintain discipline, although he disagrees with the decision. |
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Term
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Definition
Edgar Allan Poe
16-syllable line poetry
Romantic Period |
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Term
"The Tell Tale Heart"
"The Cask of Amontillado"
"The Fall of the House of Usher"
"The Masque of the Red Death" |
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Definition
Edgar Allan Poe
Short Stories considered the origination of horror
Romantic Period |
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Term
| "Murders in the Rue Morgue" |
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Definition
Edgar Allan Poe
Short story considered an origination of the detective story
Romantic Period |
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Term
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Definition
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
American Romantic Period offshoot |
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Term
|
Definition
Henry David Thoreau
Autobiographical account of sojourn
Romantic Period - Transcendentalism
Wanted to get at the marrow of life, pitting himself against nature at Walden Pond. |
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Term
| "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience |
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Definition
Henry David Thoreau
American Romantic Period- Transcendentalism
Objections to the interference of government in the life of the individual. |
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Term
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Definition
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Speech- Address to Thoreau's graduating class at Harvard
American Romantic Period - Transcendentalism
Defined the qualities of hard work and intellectual spirit required of Americans in their growing nation. |
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Term
| "Come up from the Fields, Father" |
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Definition
Walt Whitman
Civil War - Realism
Civil War soldier's death and his family's reaction |
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Term
| "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" |
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Definition
Walt Whitman
Civil War - Realism
Effects of Abraham Lincoln's assassination on the poet and the nation |
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Term
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Definition
Walt Whitman
Realism
Poetry
First poetry separated from European classical standards - unique form, structure and subject matter. Equates grass with equality. |
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Term
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Definition
Poet of the realist period of American literature. Hermit published mostly posthumously.
Common themes: nature, religion, introspection |
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Term
"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County"
"The Man who Stole Hadleyburg" |
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Definition
Mark Twain (Samuel Clemons)
Short Stories
Realism
Unique blend of tall tale and fable |
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Term
| Adventures of Huckleberry Finn |
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Definition
Mark Twain
Novel
Realism
Written in the vernacular and examines issues such as slavery and child abuse. |
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Term
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Definition
Playwright - Contemporary
Works: Long Day's Journey into Night, Mourning Becomes Electra, Desire Under the Elms |
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Term
|
Definition
Playwright - Contemporary
Works: The Crucible, All My Sons, Death of a Salesman |
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Term
|
Definition
Playwright - Contemporary
Works: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, The Glass Menagerie, A Street Car Named Desire |
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Term
|
Definition
Playwright - Contemporary
Works: Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Three Tall Women, A Delicate Balance |
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Term
|
Definition
Contemporary American Fiction
Works: Rabbit Run, Rabbit Redux |
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Term
|
Definition
Contemporary American Fiction
Works: Babbit, Elmer Gantry |
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Term
|
Definition
Contemporary American Fiction
Works: The Great Gatsby, Tender is the Night |
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Term
|
Definition
Contemporary American Fiction
Works: A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls |
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Term
|
Definition
Contemporary American Fiction
Works: The Sound and the Fury; Absalom, Absalom!; As I Lay Dying |
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Term
|
Definition
Contemporary American Fiction
Works: The Fixer, The Natural |
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Term
| Contemporary American Poets |
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Definition
Vincent Millay
Marianne Moore
Richard Wilbur
Langston Hughes
Maya Angelou
Rita Dove
Robert Frost |
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Term
Anglo-Saxon Period
British Literature |
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Definition
Spans 6 centuries
Works:
Beowulf, epic by Christian monks
"The Seafarer", poem |
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Term
Medieval Period Authors
British Literature |
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Definition
Geoffrey Chaucer
Thomas Malory |
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Term
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Definition
Geoffrey Chaucer
Medieval Period - British Lit
Father of English literature because his Canterbury Tales are written in vernacular English rather than Latin. |
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Term
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Definition
Thomas Maory
Medieval Period - British Lit
Calls together extant tales from Europe and England about King Arthur, Merlin, and the Round Table; genesis of many Arthurian legends and tales of chivalry. |
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Term
Renaissance and Elizabethan Period Authors
British Literature |
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Definition
William Shakespeare
Sir Edmund Spenser
Sir Thomas Wyatt
Sir Philip Sydney |
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Term
British Literature
17th Century Authors |
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Definition
English Renaissance-
John Milton
John Bunyan
John Donne |
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Term
|
Definition
Social commentary: Areopagitica, Samson Agonistes
Masterpiece: Paradise Lost - Justifies the ways of God to man and acts as an allegory of man's journey to the Celestial City (Heaven) |
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Term
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Definition
Pilgrim's Progress
17th Century British Lit
Personifies virtues and vices |
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Term
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Definition
17th Century British Lit
Jacobean Age
Metaphyisical sonnets, sermons, and homilies
Famous conceit compares lovers to a footed compass, the arms of which seem to travel separately but are always leaning toward each other and conjoined in "A Valediction Forbidding Mourning"
From Meditations: "Ask not for whom the bell tolls"; "No man is an island unto himself." |
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Term
18th Century British Authors
During reign of King James |
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Definition
Ben Johnson: Play - Volpone
Robert Herrick
Sir John Suckling |
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Term
18th Century British Literature
Restoration and Enlightenment
(Charles I, Oliver Cromwell, Charles II) |
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Definition
Writing style: neoclassicism
Authors:
Alexander Pope
Daniel Defoe
Joseph Addison
Richard Steele |
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Term
|
Definition
18th C British Author
Neoclassic style
Works: Mock epic The Rape of Lock |
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Term
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Definition
Lexicographer
The Dictionary of the English Language |
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Term
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Definition
18th Century British author - Scottish
Pre-Romantic (revolt against neoclassicism)
Poetry with Scottish dialect and regionalism |
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Term
British Literature
Romantic Period Authors |
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Definition
First Generation: William Wordsworth & Samuel Taylor Coleridge - Lyrical Ballads
Second Generation:
George Gordon, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats
Essayist Charles Lamb
Novelists:
Jane Austin
Charlotte and Emily Bronte
George Eliot (Marianne Evans) |
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Term
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Definition
Romantic Period - British Lit
Works: Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights |
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Term
George Eliot
(Marianne Evans) |
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Definition
Romantic Period - British Lit
Works: Middlemarch, Silas Marner, Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss |
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Term
|
Definition
Romantic Period - British Lit
Works: "Intimations of Immortality"; "The Prelude" |
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Term
|
Definition
Romantic Period - British Lit
Works:
Don Juan - satirical epic
Childe Harold's Pilgrimage - autobiographical |
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Term
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Definition
Romantic Period - British Lit
The Eve of St. Agnes - narrative poem |
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Term
19th C British Lit Poets
aka Victorian Period |
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Definition
Alfred Lord Tennyson
Robert Browning
Elizabeth Browning
Gerard Manley Hopkins
A. E. Housman
Matthew Arnold
Dante Gabriel and Christina Rosetti |
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Term
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Definition
19th Century English painters, poets, and critics reacting against Victorian materialism and the neoclassical conventions of academic art by producing earnest, quasi-religious works. Inspired by painters Medieval-early Renaissance
Ex: Dante Gabriel Rosetti, Christina Rosetti |
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Term
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Definition
19th C British poet
Idylls of the King, 12 narrative poems about the Arthurian legend |
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Term
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Definition
19th C British poet
Works:
"My Last Duchess" - dramatic monologue
The Pied Piper of Hamlin - poetic narrative |
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Term
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Definition
19th C British poet
Wife of poet Richard Browning
Works:
Aurora Leigh - epic feminist poem
Sonnets from the Portuguese - details her love for Robert and his in return for her |
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Term
19th C British Novelists
aka Victorian |
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Definition
Robert Louis Stevenson
Charles Dickens
Thomas Hardy
Rudyard Kipling |
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Term
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Definition
19th C Victorian British playwright
The Importance of Being Earnest - details and lampoons Victorian social mores |
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Term
|
Definition
19th C British Novelist
Themes: Colonialism
Works: The Jungle Book, Kim |
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Term
|
Definition
Joseph Conrad
EM Forster
Virginia Woolf
James Joyce
Graham Greene
George Orwell
DH Lawrence |
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Term
|
Definition
20th C British Playwright
Works:
St. Joan
Man and Superman
Major Barbara
Arms and the Man |
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Term
|
Definition
W.H. Auden
Robert Graves
T.S. Eliot
Edith Sitwell
Stephen Spender
Dylan Thomas
Philip Larkin
Ted Hughes
Hugh MacDarmid |
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Term
|
Definition
German poet and playwright
Golden Age of German Lit
Works: William Tell, The Maid of Orleans |
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Term
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Definition
German poet
Style: unconscious / stream of consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
German novelist
Works: Siddhartha, Steppenwolf |
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Term
Goethe
(Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) |
|
Definition
German novelist and poet
Napoleonic Age
Works:
Sorrows of Young Werther, Faust |
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Term
|
Definition
Scandinavian (Danish) Author
Fairy Tales
Works: The Little Mermaid, Thumbelina |
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Term
|
Definition
Scandinavian (Norwegian) Playwright
Works: A Doll's House, Hedda Gabler, The Wild Duck, Ghosts
Social commentary on feminism and the effects of sexually transmitted diseases |
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Term
|
Definition
Scandinavian (Swedish) Novelist
First woman ever to win the Nobel Prize for literature
Works: Gosta Bering's Saga, The Wonderful Adventure of Nils |
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Term
|
Definition
Russian author
Psychological Realism
Works: Crime and Punishment, The Brother Karamazov
Themes: Religion, family, sin and redemption |
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Term
|
Definition
Russian author
Psychological Realism
Works: War and Peace, Anna Karenina
Themes: history, industrialization |
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Term
|
Definition
Russian Author
Russia's favorite poet, also famous for his short stories
Works: The Captain's Daughter |
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Term
|
Definition
Russian Author and Playwright
Works: Uncle Vanya, The Three Sisters, The Cherry Orchard |
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Term
|
Definition
Russian Author
Won the Nobel Prize for Dr. Zhivago |
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Term
|
Definition
Russian Author
Exiled for his writings on the gulag system of work camps in Siberia. |
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Term
|
Definition
Arkadiy and Boris Strugatskiy - Roadside Picnic (Stalker), The Inhabited Island
Dmitri Glukhovsky - Metro 2033
Ilya Varshavsky - dystopian fictional societies |
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Term
|
Definition
French author
Short stories |
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Term
|
Definition
Charles Baudelaire
Rimbaud
Verlaine |
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Term
|
Definition
Rostand - Cyrando de Bergerac
Racine
Corneille - Le Cid |
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Term
|
Definition
French novelist
Cousin Bette |
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Term
|
Definition
French novelist
The Red and the Black |
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Term
|
Definition
French noveist(s)
The Three Musketeers
The Man in the Iron Mask |
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Term
|
Definition
French novelist
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
Les Miserables |
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Term
|
Definition
French novelist
Style: Stream of consciousness
Remembrance of Things Past |
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Term
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Definition
French playwright
Waiting for Godot |
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Term
|
Definition
French playwright
Rhinoceros |
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Term
|
Definition
20th C French Novelist
Existential
No Exit, The Flies, Nausea |
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Term
|
Definition
20th C French Novelist
The Fall |
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Term
|
Definition
20th C French Novelist
Received Nobel Prize for literature
The Stranger, The Plague |
|
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Term
| Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette |
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Definition
| 20th C French author - feminist novels and short stories |
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Term
|
Definition
Spanish author
Don Quixote |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anonymous national epic of Spain |
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Term
|
Definition
Italian Author
The Aeneid - epic poem of the founding of Rome |
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Term
|
Definition
Italian Author
The Decameron |
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Term
|
Definition
Italian Author
The Divine Comedy - a guide into the many layers of the afterlife |
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Term
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Definition
Ancient Greek Epic Poet(s)
The Iliad, The Odyssey - about the Trojan War and the subsequent journey of a clever soldier homeward as he pisses off gods that try to delay him. |
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Term
| Ancient Greek Playwrights |
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Definition
Tragedy:
Aeschylus (Orestia),
Euripides (Medea, Bacchae),
Sophocles (Oedipus Rex) |
|
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Term
| Kiyotsugu Kanami and Motokkiyo Zeami |
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Definition
Classical age Japanese playwrights of Noh drama
Father and son |
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Term
|
Definition
Father of Japanese confessional novel genre
Style: Naturalism
Works: The Quilt |
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Term
|
Definition
Short stories
Style: slice of life psychological
Works: "Rashamon," "In a Grove" |
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Term
|
Definition
Chinese poet
T'ang dynasty, Chinese Golden Age
Preserved folk songs and mythology
Anti-expansionist Taoism |
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Term
|
Definition
Chinese author
T'ang dynasty, Chinese Golden Age |
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Term
|
Definition
Indian author
Nobel Prize for literature for Song Offerings |
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Term
|
Definition
Indian author
The Guide
Themes: mythology, legends of India |
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Term
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Definition
Indian author
Gifts of Passage - autobiographical |
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Term
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Definition
Japan's most famous female author
Works: Drifting Clouds |
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Term
|
Definition
Japanese Author
Nobel Prize winner
Works: The Sound of the Mountain, The Snow Country
His Palm-of-the-Hand Stories took the essentials of Haiku poetry and translated them into the short story genre. |
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Term
Ting Ling
(Chiang Ping-Chih) |
|
Definition
Chinese author
Feminism and social commentary |
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Term
|
Definition
Feminist Canadian author
The Handmaid's Tale |
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Term
|
Definition
Mexican Poet
Nobel Prize winner
Works: The Labyrinth of Solitude |
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Term
|
Definition
Mexican feminist writer
The Nine Guardians |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Nadine Gordimer
Mark Mathabane
Kaffir Boy - autobiography
Peter Abrahams
Tell Freedom: Memories of Africa - autobiography of life in Johannesburg |
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Term
|
Definition
Chinua Achebe - Things Fall Apart
Wole Soyinka - poet |
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Term
|
Definition
Egyptian writer who lived in Zimbabwe
Wrote about race relations |
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Term
|
Definition
British writer who lived in Zimbabwe
Wrote about race relations |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Revealed plight of black South Africans under apartheid to the rest of the world in his Cry, Beloved Country |
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Term
|
Definition
Guatemalan playwright
Works: Dona Beatriz, The Hapless, The Magician, The Hands of God |
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Term
|
Definition
Chilean Poet
First Latin American writer to win the Nobel Prize
Works: Desolation |
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Term
|
Definition
Chilean Poet
Won the Nobel Prize in 1971
Works: Twenty Love Poems, Song of Despair |
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Term
|
Definition
Chilean Author
Works: The House of the Spirits |
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Term
|
Definition
Argentinian Author
Short Stories
Works: Ficciones |
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Term
|
Definition
Brazilian Author
The Devil to Pay |
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Term
|
Definition
20th C Austrian writer
Metamorphosis, The Trial, The Castle |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Slovakian playwright
Works: R.U.R. - Possibly the first story about a robot rebellion. Robots need their design plans from their maker because they can't reproduce (until they feel love). |
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Term
|
Definition
Romanian author
Won the Nobel Prize for Night |
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Term
| World folk epic - definition |
|
Definition
| Genre of world literature - poems or prose that are an integral part of a people's worldview |
|
|
Term
| World folk epic - examples |
|
Definition
Soundiata - African epic
Tunkashila - Native American epic
Gilgamesh - Mesopotamian epic (oldest known)
Aeneid - Roman epic
Moby-Dick - American epic |
|
|
Term
| National Myth - definition |
|
Definition
An inspiring narrative or anecdote about a nation's past, often overdramatizing true events, omitting important historical details or adding details for which there are no evidence.
It can be a fictional story that no one takes to be true, or, in older nations, it may be spiritual and refer to the nation's founding by God, gods, or supernatural beings. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
King Arthur - Great Britain
Sir Francis Drake - England
The Pilgrims and the Mayflower - US
George Washington "cannot tell a lie" - US |
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|
Term
| Early Native American Literature |
|
Definition
When the Legends Die - Hal Barland
Geronimo: His Own Story - Barrett
Wigwam Evenings: Sioux Folktales Retold - Eastman
Cherokee Night (drama) - Riggs |
|
|
Term
| 20th Century Native American Literature |
|
Definition
Custer Died for your Sins - Deloria
The Broken Cord: A Family's Ongoing Struggle with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Dorris
Mean Spirited - Hogan
Native American Myths and Legends - Taylor
Ceremony - Leslie Marmon Silko |
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Term
| Pre-Civil War African American Literature |
|
Definition
Uncle Tom's Cabin - Harriet Beecher Stowe
Memoirs and Poems - Phyllis Wheatley
Autobiography of Frederick Douglass |
|
|
Term
| Post- Civil War and Reconstruction African American Literature |
|
Definition
Sounder - William Armstrong
The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman - Earnest Gaines
The Goophered Grapevine - Charles Chesnutt |
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Term
| 20th C African American Literature |
|
Definition
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Maya Angeou
Go Tell it on the Mountain - James Baldwin
Durango Street - Frank Bonham
A Hero Ain't Nothin' But a Sandwich - ALice Childress
Freedom Ride - Howard Fast
A Raisin in the Sun - Lorraine Hansberry
Black Music in America: A History through Its People - James Haskins
"I, Too, Sing America" - Langston Hughes
White Man Listen! and Native Son - Richard Wright |
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|
Term
| Contemporary Latino / Latina Literature |
|
Definition
Starfish - Lora De Cervantes (Chicana)
House on Mango Street - Sandra Cisneros (Hispanic)
A Hundred Years of Solitude - Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Colombian)
Programas Para Dias Especiales - A. Lopez Nunoz (Spanish)
poetry - Pablo Neruda
The Time We Climbed Snake Mountain - Leslie Marmon Silko (Mexican - Native American)
The Tales of Sunlight - Gary Soto (Mexican) |
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Term
|
Definition
Female American author
Ethan Frome - a personal disaster results from a lack of communication, lack of funds, and unrelenting cold of NE winter
Age of Innocence - explores marriage without stifling social protocols in upper echelons of New York |
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Term
|
Definition
Female American writer
Themes: immigrant families eking out existence on the prairies of Nebraska
Works: O, Pioneers!, My Antonia, Death Comes for the Archbishop |
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Term
|
Definition
Female American author
Creole society of New Orleans and LA coast
Works: Short story "The Story of an Hour," The Awakening |
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Term
|
Definition
Female American author
Regionalism in rural Mississippi
Short story "The Worn Path" |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Little Women - Louisa May Alcott
The Feminine Mystique - Betty Friedan
Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte
The Awakening - Kate Chopin
Their Eyes Were Watching God - Zora Neale Hurston
Woman's World, Woman's Place: A Study in Social Mythology - Elizabeth Janeway
Motherhood as Experience and Diving into the Wreck - Adrienne Rich
A Room of One's Own - Virginia Woolf |
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Term
| Periods of American Literature |
|
Definition
Native American works from various tribes
The Colonial Period
The Revolutionary Period
The Romantic Period
The Realistic Period
The Modern Era |
|
|
Term
Native American Literature to the 1600s
Characteristics and Thenes |
|
Definition
Characteristics: Reverence for and awe of nature, The interconnectedness of the elements in the life cycle
Themes: Hardiness of the body and soul, Remorse for the destruction of their way of life, genocide of many tribes by encroaching settlement and Manifest Destiny policies. |
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Term
|
Definition
Thomas Paine
Pamphlet
Revolutionary period American literature |
|
|
Term
| Benjamin Franklin - works |
|
Definition
Autobiography
Poor Richard's Almanac
"How to Reduce a Great Empire to a Small One"
"A Letter to Madame Gout" |
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|
Term
Early American Folktales
The Romantic Period |
|
Definition
| Washington Irving: Ichabod Crane, Rip Van Winkle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Early American Folktales
Romantic Period
Leatherstocking Tales: accounts of French and Indian Wars, futile defense of British Fort William Henry |
|
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Term
|
Definition
American "Fireside Poet"
Romantic Period
"The Courtin'" - tells a narrative in Yankee dialect |
|
|
Term
| Henry Wadsworth Longfellow |
|
Definition
American "Fireside Poet"
Romantic Period
Hiawatha, The Courtship of Miles Standish, Evangeline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
American "Fireside Poet"
Romantic Period
"Snowbound" relates story of a captive family isolated by a blizzard, stresses family closeness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
American "Fireside Poet"
Romantic Period
"The Chambered Nautilus" |
|
|
Term
| American Pioneer Mythology |
|
Definition
During transition between Romantic and Realist Periods
Arose from oral traditions
-Paul Bunyan and Babe - their adventures explain some of the natural landscape
-Pecos Bill - his speed explained tornadoes of SW |
|
|
Term
| Works of the American Realist Period |
|
Definition
Reaction against of rose-colored glasses of the romantics. Wrote of ordinary people, protagonists whose environments destroy them.
Frank Norris - The Pit
Upton Sinclair - The Jungle
Stephen Crane - The Red Badge of Courage, Maggie: A Girl on the Streets
Ambrose Bierce - "The Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge"
Bret Harte - "The Outcast pf Poker Flat"
Jack London - "To Build a Fire" |
|
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Term
|
Definition
American Realist writer
Red Badge of Courage - daily sufferings of the common soldier in the Civil War
Maggie: A Girl on the Streets - a young woman is forced into prostitution to survive |
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Term
|
Definition
America Realist author
The Jungle - decries conditions for workers in slaughterhouses and wheat mills |
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Term
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Definition
20th C. African American author
Proletarian Realism
Influences:
-grandson of slaves
-Maxim Gorky and Dostoevsky
-Rejected necessity of conformity to white demands of African Americans
-Expatriate to Paris after 1945
Works:
Back Boy - autobiography
Uncle Tom's Children - class and spirituality
Themes:
-Rejection of black militancy
-Suffocation of instinct and stifling of potential
-Mature, victorious reminiscence of violent, battered childhood
-African American mother's protective nature, trauma of absent or impotent father
-Responsibility for each other and everything |
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Definition
Late 19th C. American author
Themes:
-The American Dream
-Immigrant families
-Prejudice
-Coming of age
-Nostalgia |
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Definition
Late 20th C American author
Writing is largely autobiographical- parents were Chinese immigrants to California, explores exploitation of Chinese Americans and relationships between 1st and 2nd generation immigrants.
Themes: Discovery, American Dream, gender roles, metamorphosis, enforced muteness / vocal expression, family |
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Definition
Mid-Late 19th C. American Poet
Romantic Era but inspired by Civil War
Leaves of Grass (1892)- intended to represent all American experiences equally
Themes: imagination vs. scientific process, individualism |
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Term
Emily Dickinson
"The Myth of Amherst" |
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Definition
Late 19th C poet (main works published 1955)
Influences: puritanical father, Emerson
Themes: Sanity/insanity, doubt, death, religion, individuality, defiance, feminism |
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Early 20th C African American Poet
First African American to win Pulitzer Prize
Themes: African American experience, poverty and racism, self-respect, heritage, community, family, African American unity and solidarity, basic humanness in everyone, pride |
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Definition
Laguna Native American (et al.) 20th C Writer
Influences: Pueblo traditions and stories from strong women in family, government abuses of Native Americans
Themes: Evil, reciprocity, individual/community, Native American traditions and religion, mixed breeds, scapegoats, racism, and prejudice |
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Term
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Definition
Presents the peculiarities of a particular locality and its inhabitants. Began 1865.
Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)- Southwest: The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
Sara Orne Jewett - The White Heron |
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Term
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Definition
Harriet Beecher Stowe 1851
Inspired by Stowe's anger at 1850 Fugitive Slave Act, which made it legal to indict those who helped runaway slaves
Story: Tom, Eliza, and George are slaves in Kentucky. Eliza and George are married but have different masters. They escape with their son, but Tom is caught and ends up with monstrous Simon Legree. President Lincoln told her that this book started the Civil War.
Themes: motherhood, Christianity |
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Term
| American anti-slavery writers |
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Definition
Frederick Douglass, former slave
William Lloyd Garrison
Benjamin Lay, a Quaker
Jonathan Edwards, Connecticut theologian
Susan B. Anthony |
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Term
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Definition
-The Children, David Halberstam 1998 - On the sit-ins that started
-Blues for Mister Charlie, James Baldwin
-Fight for Freedom: The Story of the NAACP, Langston Hughes
-Soul on Ice, Eldridge Cleaver
-The Autobiography of Malcolm X
-Black Power, Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton
Home - Leroi Jones |
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Term
| American Literature on Vietnam |
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Definition
Catch-22, Joseph Heller
Authors Takes Sides on Vietnam, Ed. Cecil Woolf and John Bagguley - essays by 168 well-known authors throughout world
Where is Vietnam?, Ed. Walter Lowenfels - 92 poems about the war |
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Term
| American Literature on Immigration |
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Definition
-Undaunted Courage, Stephen E. Ambrose - Lewis and Clarke Expedition
-Giants in the Earth, Ole Edvart Rolvaag - settling of the West by immigrants
-Cannery Row and Tortilla Flats, John Steinbeck - glorifies the lives of Mexican migrants in California
-The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan - 20th C. Chinese immigrants
-Exodus, Leon Uris - survivors of concentration camps try to get to new Israel |
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Term
British Literature
During Reign of Elizabeth I |
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Definition
-Drama was the principal form of literature. Religious plays popular with the court became more secular at this time and were provided for entertainment.
-1560s, Latin drama = influence in England
-1576, Earl of Leicester's Men builds The Theatre
-Shakespeare and Marlowe dominate 1580s and '90s, Ben Jonson at end of 16th C
Styles: Importance of balance and control, visible in formulas for poetry (sestina, sonnets, quatorzains.)
Themes: Joy, innocence, lightheartedness, pastorals, burning desire for conquest and achievement
Important writers:
Sir Thomas Moore, Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder, Sir Philip Sydney, Edmund Spenser, Sir Water Raleigh, John Lyly, George Peele, Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Sir Francis Bacon |
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Term
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Definition
| 1470 brought the printing press to Engand |
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Term
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Definition
1517 95 Theses brought about the Reformation
Equated religiousness with nationalism, and separation |
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Term
| Important Writers of Elizabethan British Literature |
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Definition
Important writers:
Sir Thomas Moore, Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder, Sir Philip Sydney, Edmund Spenser, Sir Water Raleigh, John Lyly, George Peele, Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Sir Francis Bacon |
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Term
British Literature
The Industrial Revolution
Socio-cultural highlights |
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Definition
Began early to mid 19th C
-Development of middle class and decline in landed nobility
-Need of cheap labor. Undesirable working conditions - exploitation
-Hand-produced to machine-produced goods, urbanization, pollution
-Rise of unions and strikes for better conditions
-Increasing definition of gender roles
-Great expansion in newspaper and popular book publishing |
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Term
British Literature
The Industrial Revolution
Literary movement |
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Definition
Began early to mid 19th C
Literary Movement: Romanticism - stressed importance of nature in art and language. (Counter-Enlightenment) stressed strong emotion, individual imagination, overturned social convention |
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Term
| Writers of the Romantic Period |
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Definition
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Ludwig Tieck
Walter Scott
ETA Hoffman
William Wordsworth
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William Blake
Victor Hugo
Alexander Pushkin
Lord Byron
Washington Irving
John Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley |
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Term
World War I
Period Highlights |
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Definition
1914-1918
"Lost Generation"
-Disillusionment, cynicism, nihilism
-Deaths on battlefield, from food shortages, internal genocide
-worldwide influenza outbreak (from unsanitary conditions, overcrowding in barracks, migration of soldiers) |
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Term
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Definition
"The Soldier" - Rupert Brooke - Poem
Goodbye to All That - Robert Graves - Autobiography
"Anthem for Doomed Youth," Strange Meeting," and "Dulce et Decorum Est" - Wilfred Owen - Poetry
"In Flanders Fields" - John McCrae - Poem
Three Soldiers - John Dos Passos - Novel
Journey's End - R.C. Sherriff - Play
All Quiet on the Western Front - Erich Maria Remarque - Novel
Death of a Hero - Richard Aldington - Novel
Memoirs of an Infantry Officer - Sigfried Sassoon - Novel
Sergeant York - Howard Hawks - Movie |
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Term
Dissolution of the British Empire
Highlights |
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Definition
-Rise of anti-colonial nationalism + changing economic situation in early 20th C.
-Loyalty of colonies during war in exchange for independence |
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Term
Dissolution of the British Empire
Literature |
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Definition
Heart of Darkness - Joseph Conrad - Novel
Passage to India - E.M. Forster - Novel
"Gunga Din" - Rudyard Kipling - Poem
Burmese Days - George Orwell - Novel
"Shooting an Elephant - George Orwell - Essay |
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Term
Young Adult Literature
Middle Ages |
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Definition
11th C. - Encyclopedia of acceptable beliefs and principles (Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury)
15th C. - Hornbooks to teach reading and religion
15th C. - Aesop's Fables, Le Morte d'Arthur, Greek and Roman mythology printed in English |
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Term
Young Adult Literature
Renaissance |
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Definition
-Introduction of Chapbooks, condensed versions of mythology and fairy tales, praised by Tatler (journal by Richard Steele) for encouraging reading
Popular Puritan reads: The Bible, Book or Martyrs (John Foxe), Pilgrim's Progress (John Bunyan) |
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Term
Young Adult Literature
17th Century |
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Definition
France: Fairy Tales (Pierre Perrault), fables (Jean de la Fontaine), novels based on folktales (Mme. d'Aulnoy), "Beauty and the Beast: (Mme. de Beaumont)
England: Translation of Perrault's Tales of Mother Goose (John Newbury), The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes (Oliver Goldsmith) |
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Term
Young Adult Literature
18th Century |
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Definition
Adolescents mostly reading adult books
Popular Works: Robinson Crusoe (Daniel Defoe), Gulliver Travels (Jonathan Swift), Swiss Family Robinson (Johann Wyss)
Moral Works: The History of Sandford and Merton (Thomas Day), Elsie Dinsmore (Martha Farquharson)
Pro-Children: Emile, The Tales of Shakespeare (J.J. Rousseau); simplified versions of Shakespeare (Charles and Mary Lamb, who believed children were entitled to entertaining literature in language comprehensible to them) |
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Term
Young Adult Literature
19th Century |
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Definition
True rise of adolescent literature
Works: Fairy Tales (Hans Christian Andersen), "A Visit from St. Nicholas" (Clement Moore), Alice in wonderland (Lewis Carroll)
Introduction of modern fantasy and sci-fi
Works: The Rose and the Ring (William Makepeace Thackeray), The Magic Fishbone (Charles Dickens), Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (Jules Verne)
Exotic Adventures
Works: Jungle Book (Kipling), Around the World in Eighty Days (Verne), Treasure Island and Kidnapped (Robert Louis Stevenson)
From North America: Little Women (Louisa May Alcott), Anne of Green Gables (L.M. Montgomery), Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (Mark Twain) |
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Term
Young Adult Literature
20th Century |
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Definition
First Third of Century
-Dealt with children from good homes with large families
-Projected image of peaceful, rural existence
Works: Little House on the Prarie (Laura Ingalls Wilder), Abe Lincoln Grows Up (bio by Carl Sandburg), The Hobbit (JRR Tolkien) |
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Term
Young Adult Literature
20th Century
Influence of Psychology |
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Definition
-Studies by behaviorists and developmental psychologists shaped selection of literature for children.
-Piaget's ideas still used to evaluate child literature: parallels between physical growth and thinking capacity, adolescent's heightened moral perspective |
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