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| An election is the process of selection one person or more for an office, public or private, from a wider field of candidates. |
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| In order to a run-off primary election, an candidate must win his/her seat with a majority vote of 50 percent plus one |
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| In the open primary election format, the selection of a party’s candidates in an election is limited to only avowed or declared party members. |
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| A maintaining election occurs when the voting patterns present in the critical election remain stable with the majority party winning the election once again. |
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| In city of rome v Mitchell, the united states supreme court upheld the constitutionality of the voting right act |
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| A campaign is the competitive effort of rival candidates for public office to win support of the voters in the period preceding an election |
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| The federal elections campaign act of 1974 prohibits all political activities by federal employees as well as forbid any political committee from spending more than $3 million in any campaign |
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| Until 1985, Texans were prohibited under the black Sunday laws from purchasing any labor intensive items on Sundays |
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| Technically, absentee voting is a process enable qualified voters to cast their ballots in an election without going to the polls on election day |
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| When O’daniel retired from the US senate both Coke Stevenson and Lyndon Johnson ran for his seat with Stevenson emerging as the victor |
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| An closed primary format is a voting system also known as the crossover primary that permits voters to choose the party primary of their choice without declaring a political party affiliation |
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| In the presidential primary elections, the Republican primaries are all proportional while the Democrats favor the winner-take-all format |
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| In a split ticket election, voters cast all of their choices for one political party by pushing only one button. |
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| initiated in 1991, the early voting period for both primary and general elections is 17 day period that ends on the eve of the primary or general election day |
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| Sponsored by both senators John McCain and Russell Feingold, the bipartisan campaign Reform Act attempted to limit both soft and hard money campaign donations |
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| The use of the poll tax was invalided with the passage of the 23rd amendment to the United States constitution |
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| The nation’s first constitution was the Articles of confederation |
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| According to Article III of the united states constitution, the United States Congress has the exclusive power to levy and collect taxes, borrow money, regulate interstate commerce, coin money and raise an army |
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| Section 9 Article I places restrictions on state governments while section 10 of article I places restrictions on both state and national governments |
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| The Untied States Supreme Court is the court of last resort for all appellate decisions |
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| Cooperative federalism is based on the sharing of responsibilities and joint financing of programs to address citizen needs |
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| The northwest land ordinance act of 1785 provided federal lands for public education to state governments in the newly acquired western territories |
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| In the 1960s, the federal government gave project grants to state and local communities to build low-income housing units |
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| Nearly 90 percent of all modern nation-states use the confederative format |
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| Although all levels of government enjoy the concurrent authority to impose taxes, each level of government can only tax a different commodity or a different portion of one’s income |
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| Article IV of the United States constitutions mandates that cooperate with each other in returning fugitives from justice to the state where the crime originated |
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| In Plintz v United States, the United States supreme court ruled the provision of the Brady Bill Mandate local officials to conduct a background check prior to allowing a person to purchase a handgun as an unconstitutional intrusion upon the states |
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| John C. Calhoun was the foremost advocate of states’ rights |
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| The federal government regulations intrastate commerce while the states have exclusively authority over interstate commerce |
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| In Federalist #41, James Madison expressed the need for a stronger national government that would address the weakness in the articles of confederation |
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| Article VII of the United States constitution is commonly known as the supremacy clause |
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| The enlightenment philosophers Jean Jacques Rousseau, Jean Bodin and Charles de Montesquieu believed that people in any given territory had the absolute right to life, liberty and property |
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| 2Democratic ideology is based on the concepts of individualism, liberty, equality and fraternity |
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| 3The Mexican Federation Constitution of 1824 mandated a strict separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial branches or government departments |
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| 4The constitution of the states of Coachuila and Texas of 1827 mandated that any candidates for office must have pocession of real property of least$8,000 and be employes in a position that paid at least $1,000 per year |
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| 5The President of the Republic of Texas was initially elected to a two-year tern of office with the proviso that ho could not succeed himself |
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| 6The constitution of the Republic of Texas granted limited civil rights and liberties to slaves |
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| 7Considered to be the states best constitution, the texas constitution of 1845 called for a unicameral legislative structure meeting in biennial sessions |
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| 8The Texas constitution of 1866 gave the governor a line-item veto authority over appropriations bills |
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| 9Under the Mexican federation constitution of 1824, the province of Texas was a free standing separate state of the newly created Mexican Republic |
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| 10The Texas Constitution of 1876 successfully curbed the powers of the governorship to ensure that no governor have E.J. Davis would abuse his/her governing authority |
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| 11The Constitution of 1869 gave the governor the authority to designate a newspaper in each judicial district as the official publication of the state with the understanding that no article or advertisement could be published without official clearance |
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| 12The current Texas Constitution embodies the political sentiments of its time with its emphasis on law salaries for governing officials, biennial legislative sessions, a mandate for a balanced budget, popular election of all officials to include judges, and a systematic approach to strengthen the governor’s powers |
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| 13The legislative body of the republic of Texas consisted of a bicameral congress with the House of Representatives as the lower house and the senate as the upper house |
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| The current Texas constitution specifies the term of office for the governor to two years (later changed to four) with a limitation of four terms of office |
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| 14The current Texas constitution specifies the term of office for the governor to two years (later changed to four) with a limitation of four terms of office |
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| 15The constitution of 1869 provided for a free state-support public school system and the requirement that all school age children had to attend at least four months of school each year |
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| 16According to the current Texas constitution, the Texas legislature meets in a 140 day regular biennial session |
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| 1___________________________________is the maximum direct participation in political, economic and social decision making be interested, active and knowledge local |
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| 2In the 2006 governor’s race, former state comptroller _____________________________ran as an independent candidate |
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| 3A ______________________ format is an open primary election that allows voters to participate in the nominations of candidates from multiple parties on the same day |
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| 4The term _________________________ refers to the technique used by both major political parties to enhance of a victory for the candidates by crossing over to the other’s primary election and voting for the weaker candidate |
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| 5A ____________is an attempt to determine public opinion concerning issues or to forecast an election |
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| 6In _______________________, the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the 26th Amendment lowering the voting age to eighteen |
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| 7The _________________ refers to the tendency for a candidate heading a party ticket to attract votes for the other candidates of his/her political party |
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| 8_______________________________ is the pattern of individual attitudes and orientations torwards politics among members of a political system |
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| 9_________________________________is the belief that one’s political participation has an effect on the course of political events |
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| 10___________________________________ include one’s judgments and opinions about political objects and events |
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| 11In Texas, voting requirements include citizenship, age, and a residency requirement of ________________ immediately preceding election day |
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| 12Individuals acquire their political culture and their political arena through a life-long process commonly known as the _____________________________________ |
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| political socialization process |
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| 13The Texas use of white-only primary by the Democratic Party was declared unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court’s ruling in ______________________________(1972) |
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| 14In the 2010 governor’s race, Debra Medina was a ______________________________________, that is a marginal candidate or non-candidate for public office that has little support and almost no chance to win the election |
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| 15In 1938, __________________________, a four salesman successfully won his candidacy to the Texas governorship |
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| 16The __________________________ (1905) mandates that political parties in texas will use the direct primary format to select candidates for general elections |
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| 17A ________________________ is an election that heralds a new political alignment that produces a new political majority, or that indicates a long-term shift in electoral behavior |
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| 18The United States use the ______________________________ or secret ballot for all of its elections |
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| 19A _______________________________ contribution is a direct donation to a candidate’s campaign |
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| 20The __________________________ of 1964 required states to accept a sixth grade education as meeting literacy and voter testing requirements |
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| 1The _____________________________ is one in which the principal power within the political system lies at the level of a national or central government rather than at the level of some smaller unit, such as a state or province |
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| 2_________________________________ is the distribution of power flowing from the national government to the states and from the states and from the states to the national government |
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| 3The federal courts were granted the right to judicial review with the passage of the ____________________________of 1789 |
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| 4In ____________________, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a state could no secede from the union |
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| 5President George W. bush’s concept of federalism was called______________________________, aimed at moving more federal programs to state and local control |
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| 6An ________________________ is one level of government requiring another to offer and pay for a program as a matter of law or as a prerequisite to partial or full funding for either the program in question or other programs |
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| 7In federalist #5, ________________________________ lamented on the failure of both the national and state governments to co-exist under the Articles of Confederation |
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| 8_______________________________is the authority of government to take one’s personal property for the public good |
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| 9According to Calhoun’s __________________________________, the american government is federal and not national because it is a government of a community of states, and not the government of a single or nation |
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| 10As part of his Great Society programs,_________________________________ ushered in a new concept of federalism known as creative federalism |
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| 11__________________________-- are federal payments to states or federal or states payments to local governments for specific purposes |
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| 12______________________________ occurs when autonomous national, sub national, and local governments pursed their own interests independently |
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| 13In ______________________________, the United States Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional a state law banning the possession of guns near public schools |
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| 14_____________________________________ or interstate relations are those that occur between equals- that is, when states deal with other states |
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| 15A _______________________is a loose collection of states in which principal power lies at the level of the in which principal power lies at the level of the individual state rather than at the level of the central or national government |
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| 16The __________________________________________ doctrine is also known as the elastic or the necessary and proper clause |
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| 1__________________________________is the political principle of limited government under a written contract |
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| 2___________________________________is the formal institutional structure and processes of a society by which policies are developed and implemented in the form of law binding on all |
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| 3The Mexican government enabled its governors to use a form of veto authority known as _________________________________ |
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| 4A ___________________________________ protects a property owner from losing their ohme for certain outstanding debts |
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| 5In the right of man (1792), _______________________________________connected a nation state’s constitution and its governing institutions to the concept of the social contract |
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| 6In federalist #51, ______________________________ defended the concepts of checks and balances and separation of powers as a means to keep the governing from abusing their authority |
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| 7 __________________________________ is basically an introductory paragraph to a constitution detailing the documents ideological and o=political framework of its government |
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| 8The constitution of the republic of Texas established a ________________________former of government rather than adopting the United States federal system |
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9Immediately after the south’s defeat in the civil war, president Andrew Johnson
Appointed ________________________________ as the state’s provisional governor and charged him with the task of writing a new state constitution that would met the national government’s mandate to abolish slavery and establish civil rights and liberties for former slaves |
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| 10John Locke believed that the formulation of a government was a ___________________________________________ between those who created it and those who govern it |
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| 11Governor E.J. Davis convinced the Texas legislature to pass a series of laws known as the ________________________________ that granted the governor extra-ordinary authority |
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| 12A ______________________ is an administrative order having the force of law |
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| 13A _____________________________ is a system of governing whereby the people elect representatives to act as their agents in the making and enforcing of laws and decisions |
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| 14A ______________________________is the fundamental or organic law of any governing body establishing the framework of government |
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| created to help tighten up redistricitng laws |
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| agents of political socialization |
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| cultural beliefs passed on from one generation to another |
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| reserved to the state by the national government that are exclusively stated by the us constitution |
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| united states supreme court decision that gave the government the right to establish a national bank |
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| a term used to describe a faction within the republican party during reconstruction |
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| encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture. |
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