Term
| Diocletian and the Tetrarchy |
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Definition
- c. 300
- last stable reign if the pagan empire in Rome
- the rule of four
- from eastern empire (Croatia)
- proclaimed emperor by his troops
- concentrated on creating stability
- imposed a new order on the empire
- idea of adoptive succession based on merit
- reorganized the politics, taxes and state religion drastically
- son of a freedman
- Rome ruled from a castle in the east and west (Diocletian and Maximian) Augusti
- Diocletian (Jupiter) and Maximian (Hercules) associated with gods but clear hierarchy with Diocletian on top
- picks other emperors to be Caesars (Galerius and Constantius)
- now formed tetrarchy
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Definition
- Porphyry Portrait of Tetrarchs
- c. 300
- faces look the same but office of the ruler is different
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Definition
- Baths of Diocletian
- c. 300
- baths dedicated to Diocletian by the two Caesars
- built in less than 10 years
- similar to baths of Caracalla
- brought Rome into their empire
- indication of the end of the period of chaos
- a lot of wasted space=surplus of wealth
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Definition
- Palace of Split
- c. 300
- octagonal concrete building for mausoleum
- stratified, fortified, strategic place
- rubble stone work
- Syrian arch
- where Dioceltian retires
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Term
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Definition
- c. 310
- son of Maximian
- has senate proclaim him emperor
- lives and builds in Rome while trying to please the Roman people
- raised in the court
- proclaimed emperor by his troops
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Definition
- Temple of Romulus
- c. 310
- new office for urban prefect
- rich little building
- built from materials called spolia (materials from other buildings)
- harmonizing with the temple of Antoninus Pius next door and other parts from other buildings
- sense of urgency wants to get things done while fighting for power with Constantine
- underlines the need for a new office of the Urban Prefect
- no longer getting rich materials into Rome
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Term
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Definition
- Basilica of Maxentius or Constantine
- c. 310
- trying to build close to the imperial forum
- looking back to when Rome was really the center of power
- big concrete construction
- interior marble exterior stucco
- nothing like old basilicas
- creative concrete put to a new purpose
- entrance on short side facing apse
- intended as an audience hall
- Constantine adds apses on the sides
- and put a huge statue of himself in one of the apses
- Constantine completes the basilica
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Definition
- Battle of the Milvian BRidge
- c. 320
- Constantine goes to sleep in a tent and has a dream where he sees a cross and hears a voice in the dark say in hoc signo vince (in this sign you will win)
- Maxientius marches out the next morning to meet Constantine
- Defeats Maxientius and marches into Rome under a cross
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Definition
- Arch of Constantine
- c. 320
- evokes the emperors he wanted to be associated with
- tripartite arch (Severans)
- near forum next to Flavian amphitheater
- spolia (used material) erected quickly
- rectangular panels come Marcus Aurelius
- Hadrian
- There are carvings from his own time--> narrating some of his history
- Scene of Constantine speaking on rostrum that Caesar built
- Latin inscription (thanking the god under whom he was victorious)
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Definition
- St. Peter's Basilica
- c. 320
- Across from Campus Martius
- on top of a largely pagan cemetery
- next to circus of Nero
- some of Christians who were blamed for fire of '65 also buried there
- one of Christians was st. Peter
- altar directly above st. Peter's tomb
- new boldness in an urban setting
- cleansing area in atrium
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- Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
- c. 320
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