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Definition
| A characteristic in both outgroups and ancestors. For example dinos and crocs not having wings when birds do. (even though birds are in the same group) |
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Term
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Definition
Syn: Loss of fin rays from limbs.
Chiridium: muscular limbs with well developed articulated joins and digits.
Shoulder girdle not attached to skull allowing flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
| Aquatic as juveniles: terrestrial as adults. |
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Term
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Definition
Radial fin rays on tail
Lateral line system
Had internal gills
Labrythodont teeth
All aquatic traits except teeth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Radial fin rays on tail. Lateral line system. Labrynthodont teeth. No internal gills. |
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Definition
| A sensory system which uses water to detect movement such as predators. |
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Definition
| Syn: loss of several cranial bones. Metamorphosis. Gills as juveniles and lungs as adults. (complex gas exchange) External fertilization and internal fertilization in different species. SOme produce live young (caecillians.) Moist glandular skin. |
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Term
| Significance of lepidosaurs |
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Definition
| Their skull modificatiosn lead to flexible jaws. |
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Term
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Definition
Amnion: liquid filled sac for protection
Chorion: outer member for gas exchange
Allantois: Nitrogen waste storage. |
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Definition
| Amniotic egg, Enlarged lungs, Nictitating membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
Consisters of Lepidosauromorpha and Archosauromorpha.
Has diapsid skulls. (2 holes) |
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Term
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Definition
INcludes testudines (turtles) and exinct forms. THese are anapsids.
Testundines have carapace (upper shell) and plastron (lower shell) The shell is modified vertebrae, ribs, and clavicle. |
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Term
| Two ways to place testundines |
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Definition
Snakes/lizards are sister groups to birds/crocs. Turtles branched off before this. Based on anapsid holes vs diapsid holes.
turtles next to birds/crocs as sisters with lizards/snakes as sisters to this big group. Based on mitochondrial DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of sphenodonta, Squamata (snakes, lizards, etc), More derived have ore flexible jaws. Sphenodonta have jaws with little articulation. |
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Term
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Definition
Bipedal.
Syn: Teeth in individual sockets. Antorbital and mandibular fenestrae. |
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Term
| Ornithischia vs Saurischians |
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Definition
| In both the illium rests on the top and the ischium in back (near the tail.) But in saurischian, the pubis points towards the front, away from the ischium. While in ornithischian the pubis is rotated around so it points towards the ischium, often lying parallel to it. |
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Term
| Why aren't birds related to ornithischians |
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Definition
| Though the ischium and pubis are closer in ornithischians, the illium is rotated around compared to the birds. Also the pubis is extended in ornishicians while it is not extended in birds/saurichians. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feathers, loss of teeth. Furcula (wishbone, used for flight and breathing) |
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Term
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Definition
| A crow sized gliding creature. It shares 3 fingers with curved claws, long bony tails, scales on head, and teeth with saurischia. It shares feathers, opposable hallux, and furcula with aves. |
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Term
| Links between aves and saurischia |
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Definition
| Respiration (hollow bones are needed for respiration in non-flight dinosaurs, and useful for flying in birds), hips. |
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Term
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Definition
| folds of bone which allow warming and humidification of inhaled air. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hairs, mammary glands. (also lower jaw and 3 inner ear bones) |
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Definition
| Layed eggs and had under developed young. (platypus and echidnas) Their younger were hard to care for because of cold and predation. |
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Definition
| Marsupials like kangaroo. Had a pouch for longer development. (includes possums) |
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Definition
| Self contained development. |
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Term
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Definition
More terrestrial, quadrapedal, 5 digits, slow and large.
Includes cynodonts which were outcompeted by archosaurs. They had turbinals which suggested endothermy |
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