Term
| About ___-___% of newborns who are born deaf or with hearing loss have additional neurodevelopmental conditions. Examples: cognitive deficits, behavioral-emotional deficits, and difficulty with motor skills |
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Definition
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Term
| About ___% of deaf or hearing-impaired school-age children have additional disabilities |
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Definition
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Term
Percentage of Disabilities in Children with HL:
-No additional disability
-Intellectual disability
-Specific learning disability
-Vision impairment
-ADD/ADHD
-Emotional Disability
-Autism |
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Definition
| 60%; 8.3%; 8.0%; 5.5%; 5.4%; 1.8% 1.7% |
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Term
-About ____ of persons with multiple handicaps have a syndromic cause of hereditary deafness
-What are some common syndromes? |
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Definition
| 1/3; Down syndrome, usher syndrome, Pierre Robin sequence, treacher collins syndrome, and CHARGE |
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Term
| What are some maternal infections that can contribute to hearing loss? |
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Definition
-Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-can result in hearing loss, motor deficits, and cognitive deficits
-Maternal rubella |
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Term
| What are some other risk factors for developmental delays? |
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Definition
| maternal substance abuse and environmental deprivation |
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Term
| Audiologists need knowledge & skills to meet the challenges of patients with complex needs across the lifespan because they are a widely ___ group, their hearing loss ___ in type and degree, and overall ___ varies significantly |
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Definition
| diverse; differs; functioning |
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Term
| What are some common reasons for referral to audiology? |
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Definition
| failed newborn hearing screening, risk factors for hearing loss in newborns, children with speech/language delays, children with history of middle ear disorder, when caregivers suspect a loss, when children are at risk academically, and when children fail to respond consistently to average speech. |
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Term
| What kind of communication should you use to convey respect with this population? |
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Definition
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Term
Important Considerations:
-Persons with hearing loss & other disabilities may have ___ conditions at the time of the hearing test. might ___ testing & management
-Combined effects of some conditions may ___ or ___ a
diagnosis of hearing loss. Example: a child may be “tuning out”; could have autism, hearing loss, or both
-Audiologists’ may think some persons with multiple disabilities are ___ with behavioral measures. Do not rely ___ on physiologic measures. Behavioral tests indicate how a person ___ his/her hearing |
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Definition
| unidentified; influence; confuse; delay; untestable; SOLELY; uses |
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Term
| We should view patients and family members as ___ members |
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Definition
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Term
Prepare for the Hearing Test:
-Review any ___ tests
-Review ___ ___ information
-___ patient/family members
-Listen to find out ___ ___ of patients
-Consider the use of ___ checklists
-Consider how to ___ a task that requires a motor response if a patient has cerebral palsy or other deficits with gross motor skills
-Set up the room to accommodate assistive equipment (e.g.
wheelchair) |
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Definition
| previous; case history; Observe; personal preferences; developmental; modify |
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Term
AC Testing: Modifications
-Change ___ ___ (conventional, play audiometry, VRA, BOA)
-Change ___
-Change ___ type
-Change ___
-R-arrange test ___
-Modify test frequencies (may test ___ frequencies, alter ___, or test ___ frequencies)
-Use different ___ |
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Definition
| test method; transducer; stimulus (warbled tone); instructions; environment; fewer; order; different; reinforcement |
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Term
What age group do you use these test methods for?
-Conditioned play audiometry
-Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA)
-Behavioral observation audiometry (BOA |
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Definition
| 2.5+; 5-6 months +; birth-5 months |
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Term
Conditioned Play Audiometry:
-Condition listener to ___ in a certain way
-Pair stimulus & reinforcement to ___ behavior
-____ behavior
-___ instructions
-Some ____ be conditioned for play audiometry |
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Definition
| behave; condition; Model/show; Limit; can not |
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Term
Visual Reinforcement Audiometry:
-Stimuli: Speech, pure tones, or warbled pure tones (in the SF). Pt ___ head toward sound source
-Response: Head ____. Babies as young as ____ mo can localize side to side
-Reinforcement: Lights, animation, both, neither |
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Definition
| turns; turn/localization; 5-6 |
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Term
-Technical note: VRA uses ___ sound source; COR (conditioned orientation response) uses ___ sound sources
-For pts with asymmetric loss, localizing to the correct sound source may be ___
-Make a statement if difficulty ___ |
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Definition
| one; 2; difficult; localizing |
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Term
VRA – Test Method:
-___ pt appropriately
-Condition listener, pair auditory & visual stimuli ___ sec.
-Once pt is conditioned, present sounds ___ visual reinforcement
-Light up toy as reward when ___ is observed
-___ intensity until NR
-May need audiologist ___ booth to midline, instruct, observe listener
-Choice of ___ |
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Definition
| Position; 3; without; response; Decrease; in; transducers |
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Term
Behavioral Observation Audiometry:
-Identifies babies with _______ loss
-____ types can vary
-May ascend in intensity until ____ is observed
-Behaviors may include:
◦ increase/decrease in ___
◦___ reflex
◦____ blink/movement |
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Definition
| severe/profound; Stimulus; behavior; movement; startle; eye |
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Term
AC/BC Testing: Other Changes
-Test __ frequencies in each ear
-Up 10, down 10: look for 2 responses at 1 level & no responses at level 10 dB softer, threshold = level ___ the 2 PLs
-Could obtain a ______ SRT |
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Definition
| 2; between; bone-conducted |
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Term
Speech Thresholds:
-SRT: conventional method; ___ spondees
-Changes: point to spondee ___, point to ___ ___
*babies as young as ___ months can often do this task
*Can use this technique in other ___
-If unable to get a recognition threshold, get a ____ ___. Ex: “bah, bah, bah” , “uh-oh”, pt’s name, other sounds
-For all MLV presentations, watch the ____ meter |
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Definition
| repeat; pictures; body parts; 12; language; detection threshold (SDT); VU |
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Term
-Responses to speech are consistently observed at ___ intensities than other stimuli. So obtain SRTs ___ pure-tones
-By age ___ yrs, pts can repeat words or point to pictures
-By ______ months, can point to body parts
-For those with sp/lang problems, point to ___ |
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Definition
| lower; before; 4; 12-18; pictures |
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Term
| What are some different supra-threshold speech audiometry tests? |
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Definition
| PB-K (open-set; repeating), NU-CHIPS, WIPI, PSI |
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Term
Supra-Threshold Speech Audiometry:
-___-set task are easier than ___-set tasks
-Consider response modalities: ___ or _________ (easier option) |
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Definition
| Closed; open; repeating; pointing to pictures |
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Term
| What age group is the PB-K word list for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some picture-pointing tasks? |
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Definition
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Term
Northwestern University Children’s Perception of Speech Test (NU-ChiPS):
-Target: ___-___ year olds
-Response modality: ??
-Closed-set task. ___ ___ of black & white pictures
-Foils are ___ similar
-Example: girl, purse, shirt, bird |
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Definition
| 3-5; Point to pictures; 4 choices; phonemically |
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Term
Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification (WIPI):
-Target: __-__ year olds
-Closed-set task: __ multicolor foils; sound-___ choices
-___ normative data
-Examples: “___ ___” school, moon, spoon, broom, shoe, boot |
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Definition
| 4-5; 6; alike; Limited; show me |
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Term
Pediatric Speech Intelligibility Test (PSI):
-Target: ages ___-___ years
-Material types: ____ and ___
-Can test in ___ or with competing ___
-Task: ________
-Example: tree, bird, frog, house
-Sentence Example: “the horse is eating an apple” |
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Definition
| 3-6; words & sentences; quiet; talker; point to correct picture |
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Term
| ___-___% of pts with hearing loss also have vision problems |
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Definition
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Term
Testing Elderly Patients:
-hearing loss may be assoc. with ___ & ___
-may not ___ testing process
-may ___ hearing difficulties or place hearing as “low” priority
-may need ___ about their safety |
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Definition
| depression; isolation; understand; deny; reassurance |
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Term
-Incidence of hearing loss & CVA ___ with age
-Audiologists are likely to test someone who has had a ___
-___-___% have aphasia |
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Definition
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Term
Aphasia Overview:
-Impairs ___ (often as a result of left CVA)
-could be mild to severe; expressive &/or receptive
-Cognition is not generally ___
-Pts can make ____ if can understand linguistic level |
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Definition
| language; impaired; decisions |
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Term
Aphasia Symptoms:
-may say ___ words (but related to what they want to say)
-may not ____
-may or may not be able to ___
- may get ___ if listener does not understand
-may have impaired ____ ability
-may have ___ attention |
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Definition
| incorrect; speak; repeat; frustrated; reading; decreased |
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Term
Strategies for Patients with Aphasia:
1. Give info ___ of time; pts may need more time to ___ information
2. Slow down: use ___ & ___ phrases
3. Simplify the ____ & ___
4. Supplement with ___, gestures, & communication ___
5. ___ tasks
6. Check for ___
7. ___ family members & others |
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Definition
| ahead; process; slow; simple; environment; communication; writing; device; Modify; understanding; Involve |
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