Term
| Police, firefighters, lifeguards, and athletic trainers may all be classified as what type of EMS responder? |
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Definition
| emergency medical responder |
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Term
| besides state practice acts and, in some cases, individuals' practice settings, what guideline defines the roles and responsibilities or scope of practice of athletic trainers? |
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Definition
BOC Role Delineation Study
(Board of Certification) |
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Term
| An emergency medical responder, such as a firefighter or athletic trainer, can provide "back of the ambulance care," such as transportation of the ill or injured. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of responder requires the highest level of EMS training? |
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Definition
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Term
| In emergency situations, the athlete should be the primary focus of the athletic trainer. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who provides medical oversight for prehospital emergency responders? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which level of EMS responder typically requires about 120 hours of training? |
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Definition
EMT
emergency medical technician |
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Term
| Is transporting an ill or injured athlete to the hospital within the scope of practice of an athletic trainer? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the series of actions that, when implemented, reduce the mortality associated with injury or illness is known as which of the following? |
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Term
| Which type of EMS agency is most likely to be able to provide on-field standby coverage at no cost or minimal cost? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the "ABCs" of initial assessment? |
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Definition
| Airway, Breathing, Circulation |
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Term
| If proceeding into a scene is unsafe or risky, the athletic trainer has the right not to provide care. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following should the athletic trainer primary rely on to determine what resources are needed in responding to an emergency? |
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Definition
| the nature or causes of the condition or illness of the injured athlete |
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Term
| What is the first step of the initial assessment? |
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Definition
| obtain a quick overview of the injury |
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Term
| Surveying the scene of an injury and identifying potential hazards before rendering care is known as which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: After the secondary assessment has been completed, the initial assessment should be repeated |
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Definition
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Term
| The initial assessment must be made within how long after arriving at the scene? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the rapid secondary assesment, you should begin your assessment where? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: When an athlete's mental status is depressed or diminished, expect a life threatening injury. |
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Definition
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Term
| In terms of priority, athletic trainers who arrive at the scene of an emergency must first protect whom? |
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Definition
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Term
| In an adult, the normal respiration rate ranges from 60-100 breaths per minute |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following means "shortness of breath"? |
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Definition
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Term
| One of your lacrosse players collapses on field during a game played at high elevation. When you observe her, she has dark, bluish coloration to her face and lips. What is she suffering from? |
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Definition
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Term
| How often should unstable athletes be reassessed to make sure their condition has not worsened? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Clammy skin is often suggestive of shock |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: The appropriate pulse point to use for an unconcious adult is the radial pulse |
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Definition
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Term
| You measure the blood pressure of a 20 year old weightlifter and find it to be 135/86. What best describes the athlete's condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Normally, both pupils should dilate in the presence of bright light |
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Definition
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Term
| You find that one of your athlete's has a resting heart rate of 105. This condition is known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| A condition in which the two pupils are not of equal size is which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Cardiac Chain of Survival do? |
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Definition
| increases the likelihood of survival from sudden cardiac arrest |
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Term
| What are the 4 parts of the Cardiac Chain of Survival? |
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Definition
- Early Access
- Early CPR
- Early Defibrilation
- Early advanced life Support
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Term
| Explain the role of "early access" in the Cardiac Chain of Survival |
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Definition
- critical to survivability
- ATs often respond within 30-60 seconds
- CPR and AED programs are essential and must be reviewed
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Term
Explain the role of "early CPR" in the Cardiac Chain of Survival
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Definition
- sudden cardiac arrest results from an eletrical disturbance in the heart
- early CPR serves as a holding action before the arrival of an AED
- can double or triple chances of survival
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Term
Explain the role of "early defibrilation" in the Cardiac Chain of Survival
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Definition
- most cases of adult sudden cardiac arrest result from ventricular fibrilation (V-fib)
- only reversible with shock from AED
- delayed time before care results in decreased probability of survival
- survival decreases 7-10% every minute early defibrilation is delayed
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Term
| How much does survival decrease when early defibrilation is delayed? |
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Definition
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Term
Explain the role of "early advanced life support" in the Cardiac Chain of Survival
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Definition
- Includes first three links plus advanced emergency medical technician care
- drug administration
- advances airway procedures
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Term
| What are some symptoms of cardiac distress? |
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Definition
- chest pain, pressure or discomfort
- upper abdomen pain, pressure, or discomfort
- difficulty breathing
- sudden onset of sweating (diaphoresis)
- nausea/vomiting
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Term
| What are some signs and symptoms of a Heart Attack? |
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Definition
- chest pain, pressure, discomfort
- pain/discomfort in one or both arms or shoulders
- pain or discomfort in the lower jaw, neck, abdomen, or back
- weakness, light headedness, or feeling faint
- dyspnea
- nausea
- changes in vital signs
- pulse rate rapid and weak
- blood pressure
- pale, cyanotic, or moist skin
- anxiety
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Term
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Definition
- chaotic, rapid depolorization and repolorization
- quivering of heart muscle
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Term
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Definition
| heart beats too quickly to fill ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of normal heart rhythm |
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Term
| What are some heart attack risk factors? |
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Definition
- Male older than 45 years
- female older than 50 years
- family history
- diabetes
- high blood pressure
- high cholesterol
- cigarette smoking
- overweight
- physical inactivity
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Term
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Definition
| dilation of an artery anywhere in the body |
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Term
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Definition
- severe constricting pain in the chest
- considered warning sign for heart attack
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Term
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Definition
| active process of bringing air into lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| passive process of blowing off carbon dioxide exchanged at alveolar sacs |
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Term
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Definition
| breathing that can sustain life |
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Term
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Definition
| breathing that cannot sustain life, alteration in rate, rhythm, and quality |
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Term
| What rate would indicate inadequate breathing? |
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Definition
| <8 or >24 breaths per minute |
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Term
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Definition
BAD
irregular gasping or shallow breathing, which is a common sign of the early stages of cardiac arrest and suggest that death is imminent |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal respiratory pattern consisting of a pause at full inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| completely irregular breathing pattern, with continually varying rate and depth of breathing; seen with increased intercranial pressure |
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Term
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
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Definition
| pattern of breathing with gradual increase in depth and sometimes in rate to a maximum, followed by a decrease resulting in apnea; cycles 30 seconds to 2 minutes in duration with 5 to 30 seconds of apnea |
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Term
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Definition
| deep, rapid respiration as the body attempts to lower high acid levels due to diabetic emergencies |
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Term
| What are some signs and symptoms of breathing difficulty? |
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Definition
- dyspnea
- restlessness/combativeness
- dizziness/disorientation
- increased pulse rate changes
- pale, cyanotic, or flushed skin
- cool moist skin
- noisy breathing
- coughing
- use of accessory muscles
- nostril flaring
- retraction of skin above the sternum and between ribs
- poor periheral perfusion
- tripod position
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Term
| Approximately how many minutes does it take for brain damage to occur due to lack of oxygen to the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 main vital signs? |
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Definition
| pulse, respiration, blood pressure, skin color, temperature, and condition |
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Term
| What is a normal pulse rate for adults? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
| active rise of chest, drawing in oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| passive fall of chest, blowing off carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| frequency of breathing, BPM |
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Term
| pale, white, ashen or gray skin indicates what? |
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Definition
| decreased blood flow from blood loss, shock, decreased blood pressure, emotional distress, exposure to cold |
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Term
| Blue skin is a sign of what? |
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Definition
| deficient oxygenation of the blood (cyanosis) |
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Term
| flushed or red skin is a sign of what? |
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Definition
| high blood pressure, fever, heat exposure, thermal burns and emotional distress |
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Term
| yellow skin is an indicator of what? |
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Definition
| often reffered to as jaundice as a result of liver disease in newborns |
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Term
| What is a normal respiratory rate for an adult? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- rapid, shallow breathing
- greater that 20 breaths per minute
- caused by respiratory or cardiac disease
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal slowness of breathing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| measures peripheral circulation and tissue perfusion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the optimal blood pressure for an adult? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| below normal ranges of blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| higher than normative ranges of blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing of arteries by fatty deposits |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| paradoxical rib movement, flail moves backward during inspiration, and forward during expiration |
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Term
| What is the AVPU scale for testing mental status? |
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Definition
A- alert
V- verbal
P- painful response
U- unresponsive |
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Term
| What is included in the initial assessment? |
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Definition
(first 15 seconds)
overview of injury, determine mental status, assess ABCs |
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Term
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Definition
real time contact between EMS provider and medical command
(can override offline medical direction) |
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Term
| offline medical direction |
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Definition
| treatment protocols and standing orders provided |
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Term
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Definition
| written guidelines from advisory group defining scope of prehospital care |
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Term
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Definition
| more specific guidelines for treatments that provide "safety net" should online communication fail |
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