Term
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Definition
| SKELETAL MUSCLE MAKES UP THE BODIES FRAMEWORK THESE ARE VOLUNTARY MUSCLES THEIR CELLS ARE MULTINUCLEATE AND CAN BE VERY LONG . THEY HAVE A STRIPED OR STIATE APPEARENCE WHICH IS CAUSED BY THE MYOSIN AND ACTIN FIBERS IN THEM |
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Term
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Definition
| SMOOTH MUSCLE IS ALSO CALLED VISCERAL MUSCLE BECAUSE IT COVERS ALL THE ORGANS UNDER THE EPITHERIAL AND CT LAYERS . IT DOES NOT HAVE A STRIATED LOOK TO IT BECAUSE THE MYOSIN AND ACTIN ARRANGED ALNONG WITH THE LENGTH OF IT NOT ACROSS IT LIKE THE OTHER TWO MUSCLE GROUPS . SMOOTH MUSCLE HAS A SLOW SUSTAINED CONTRACTIONS THAT HELP MOVE FLUIDS AND FOOD STUFFS THROUGH THE ORGANS |
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Term
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Definition
| CARDIAC MUSCLE IS HIGHLY SPECIALIZED IT LIKE THE NAME SAYS IT IS IN THE HEART THIS IS AN INVOLUTARY MUSCLE . IT IS HIGHLY STRIATED THE CELLS HAVE A SINGLE NUCLEUS AND THEY HAVE A BRANCH APPEARANCE THEY ARE ALSO SEPERATED FROM EACH OTHER BY SPECIAL JUNCTIONS CALLED INTERCALTED DISC THESE HAVE A GAP AND DESMOSONE JUNCTIONS THAT HELP PROVIDE A RAPID TRANSFER OF NERVE IMPULSES CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTS WITH OUT ACh STIMULATION BECAUSE IT HAS IT'S OWN BUILT IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEM TO STIMULATE CONTRACTIONS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM PROVIDES MOVEMENT FOR THE BODY IT MANTAINS POSTURE GENERATES HEAT AND STABILIZES JOINTS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE SACROLEMMA IS THE NAME FOR THE MEMBRANE OF ALL MUSCLE CELLS IT HAS EXTENTIONS CALLED T-TUBLES THAT HELP TRANSMITT ELECTRICAL PULSES FROM THE NERVES TO HELP IN THE CONTRACTION PROCESS ALL MUSCLE CELLS HAVE MANY SMALL UNITS CALLED FIBERS |
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Term
| SARCOPLASMIC (SR) RETICULUM |
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Definition
| THE SARCROPLASMIC RECTICULM IT IS AN ELABORATE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM THIS HAS MANY INTERCONNECTING TUBLES THAT SURROUND EACH MIYOFIBRIL LIKE A SLEAVE THIS IS HOME TO THE TERMINAL CISTERNAE |
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Term
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Definition
| SARCOPLASM IS THE NAME FOR THE INTERCELLULAR FLUID IN A MUSCLE CELL IT IS FILLED SPECIAL UNITS CALLED MYOFIBROLS WICH ARE MADE OF MYOFILAMENTS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE ENDOMYSIUM THIS IS THE INNER MOST LAYER OF CT THAT COVERS THE MUSCLE FIBERS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE PERIMYSIUM IT THE CT LAYER THAT COVERS THE GROUPS OF MUSCLE FIBERS CALLED FASICLES |
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Term
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Definition
| THE EPIMYSIUM IT THE OUTER MOST COVER OF CT THAT WRAPS AROUND EACH MUSCLE |
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Term
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Definition
| FASICLES ARE THE SUBUNITS THAT ARE JUST BELOW MUSCLE IT'S SELF THEY ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER UNITS CALLED MUSCLE FIBERS |
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Term
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Definition
| MUSCLE FIBERS IT THE NAME FOR THE SINGLE CELLS OF A MUSCLE |
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Term
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Definition
| MYOFIBRILS A RODLIKE ELEMENTS THAT OCCUPY MOST OF THE MUSCLE CELL'S VOLUME THEY MAKE UP SARCOMERES THAT ARRANGED END TO END |
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Term
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Definition
| SARCOMERES ARE THE CONTRACTILE UNITS OF MYOFILAMENTS MADE UP OF MYISON AND ACTIN |
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Term
| MYOFILAMENTS OR FILAMENTS |
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Definition
| MYOFILAMENTS ARE THE NAMES FOR THE CONTRACTILE FILAMENTS THESE ARE MADE OF TWO TYPES THICK MYISON AND THIN ACTIN FILAMENTS THESE UNITS DO THE WORK OF CONTRACTING THE MUSCLE CELLS |
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Term
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Definition
| MYOGLOBIN IS A RED PIGMENT THAT STORES OXYGEN AND IS SIMILAR RO HEMOGLOBIN |
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Term
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Definition
| I BANDS ARE THE ARE OF THE SACROMERE THAT IS THE SPACE BETWEEN THE THICK FILAMENTS THE Z DISC RUNS DOWN THE MIDDLE IT HAS A LIGHTER COLOR THAN THE REST OF THE SACROMERE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE A BAND IT THE AREA IN THE CENTER OF THE SACROMERE THAT RUNS FROM ONE END OF THE THICK FILAMENTS TO THE OTHER THIS IS A DARKER APPEARING AREA OF THE SECROMERE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE H ZONE IS THARE IN THE CENTER OF THE SACROMERE WHERE THE THIN FILAMENTS DO NOT TOUCH THE CENTER OF THIS IS CALLED THE M LINE THIS IS ALSO AN AREA OF THE SACROMERE THAT SHORTENS DURING MUSCLE CONTRACTION |
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Term
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Definition
| THE M LINE IS THE AREA RIGHT DOWN THE CENTER OF THE SACROMERE THIS IS WHERE THE THICK FILAMENT ARE LINKED BY ACCESSORY PROTEINS |
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Term
| ORIGIN AND INSERTION OF A MUSCLE |
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Definition
| THE ORIGIN OF A MUSCLE IS THE POINT WHERE THE MUSCLE IS ATTACHED ON THE BONE THAT DOES NOT MOVE THE INSERTIOM IS THE POINT WHERE THE MUSCLE IS ATTACHED TO THE BONE THAT MOVES |
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Term
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Definition
| ACTIN IS THE PROTIENS THAT MAKES UP THE THIN FILAMENTS IT IS MADE UP OF THREE PTOTIENS. aCTIN IS THE CENTER PROTIEN THAT RESEMBLES OLIVES IT IS THE AREA IN THE CENTER THAT LOOKS LIKE AN OLIVE PIT THAT THE MYISON ATTACHES TO |
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Term
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Definition
| TROPOMYISON IS THE STRAND LIKE PROTIEN THAT COVER THE RECEPTER PART OF ACTIN |
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Term
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Definition
| TROPONIN COMPLEX ARE THE SMALL PROTIENS ATTACHED TO TROPOMYISON THAT WHEN THE CALCIUM IONS BOND TO IT THIS CHANGES SHAPE AND MOVES THE TROPOMYSIN OUT OF THE WAY SO THE HEADS OF MYOSIN CAN BIND WITH THEM TO PREFORM THE CONTRACTIONS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE ZLINE (DISC) IS THE JUNCTION BETWEEN THE SACROMERES OF THE MUSCLE FIBERS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE FASCIA IS THE SHEET OR BROAD BAND OF FIBROUS CT BENEATH THE SKIN IT IS DEVIDED INTO THREE LAYER SUPERFICIAL DEEP AND SUBUTANEOUS THESE ARE ALSO CALLED THE PEIMYISON PERIMYSIUM AND ENDOMYSIUM |
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Term
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Definition
| MOTOR UNIT IS A MOTOR NEURON PLUS ALL THE MUSCLE FIBERS THAT IT STIMULATES |
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Term
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Definition
| NEURONS ARE THE CELLS OF THE NS THAT PROVIDE THE ENERGY TO HELP MUSCLES CONTRACT THEY HAVE AXONS THAT DELIVER THE STIMULOUS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE MOTOR END PLATE IS THE AREA OF THE MUSCLE CELL THAT IS MAKES UP THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT THIS IS WERE THE MUSCLE CELL IS FIRST ZAPPED TO START THE CONTRACTION PROCESS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION IS THE INTRE AREA WHERE THE AXON AND THE MUSCLE MEET THEY DO NOT ACTUALLY TOUCH THERE IS AN AREA BETWEEN THEM CALLED A SYNAPTIC JUNCTION |
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Term
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Definition
| THE SYNAPTIC VESICLES ARE THE THE SMALL VESICALES THAT THE AXON RELEASES BY BONDING TO ITS END AND IT RELEASES THE THE NEUROTRANSMITTER CALLED ACETYLCHILINE (ACh) THIS THEN BONDS WITH RECEPTERS ON THE MUSCLE CELL IT'S SELF |
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Term
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Definition
| T-TUBULES CONVEY THE IMPULSE TO THE SACROPLASMIC RETICULUM THUS CAUSING IT TO RELEASE CALCIUM IONS STORED IN THE TERMINAL CISTERNA |
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Term
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Definition
| ACETYLCHOLINE IS THE NEUROTRANSMITTER USED TO STIMULATE SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS |
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Term
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Definition
| ACETYLCHOLINESTRASE IS THE ENZYME IN THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT THAT BREAKS DOWN ACh INTO IT'S BUILDING BLOCKS ACETIC ACID AND CHOLINE |
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Term
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Definition
| ATP IS THE FUEL THAT DRIVES THE MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS |
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Term
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Definition
| A CROSS BRIDGE IS FORMED WHEN THE HEAD OF A MYISON BONDS WITH THE RECEPTER SIGHTS (THE OLIVE PITS ) ON ACTIN |
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Term
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Definition
| CALSIQUESTRIN HELPS REMOVE CALCIUM IONS FROM THE INTRACELLULAR FLUID AND RETURN IT TO THE SACROPLASMIC RITICULUM HELPING TO END THE REACTION THAT CAUSES MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS |
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Term
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Definition
| CELL RESPIRATION IS A SERIES OF OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT CHAMGE GLOCOSE INTO PYRUATE IN THE CYTOPLASM AND THEN PROCESS THE PYRUVATE IN MITOCHONDRIA TO MAKE ENERGY TO RECHARGE THE STORES OF ATP THIS ISWHY THE MITOCHONDRIA ARE CALLED THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL |
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Term
| THE SUB SET OF REACTIONS IN CELL RESPIRATION |
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Definition
| THEY ARE GLYCOLISIS , CITRIC ACID CCYLE ALSO CALLED THE KREBS CYCLE AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT |
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Term
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Definition
| GLYCOLYSI ACCURS WITHOUT OXYGEN IN THE CYTOPLASM AND FORMS PYRUVATE FROM GLUCOSE IF THERE IS ENOUGH OXYGEN THE PYRUVATE WILL BE PROCESSED M BY THE MITOCHONDRIA IF NOT THEN IT WILL BE PROCESSED THROUGH THE FREMANTATION PATHWAY IN THE CYTOPLASM TO CREATE LACTIC ACID |
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Term
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Definition
| THE DO THIS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION, ANAROBIC RESPERACTION AND CREATINE PHOSPHATE THIS LAST REACTION IS CATALIZED BY THE ENZYME CREATINE KINASE |
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