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Test Review- Chapters 1,2,4
Review we did in class on Friday 10/26/12
128
Medical
Undergraduate 1
10/26/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

What is the Function of the lymph nodes? 

Definition
Removes bacteria
Term
In the male, what are the gonads called?
Definition
Testes
Term

In the female, What are the gonads called?

Definition
Ovaries
Term
What system are the tendons part of?
Definition
Muscular
Term

Do bones store calcium and sodium?

Definition
 No, just calcium
Term

What determines the size of an atom? 

Definition
Protons and neutrons
Term

What does a buffer do?

Definition
 It absorbs access acids and bases and maintains a relative stable pH
Term

What are fats and oils?

Definition
 Lipids
Term

Are RNS and DNA exactly alike?

Definition
 No
Term
What do peptide bonds do?
Definition
They hold blocks of proteins together
Term

How many different types of atoms in an element?

Definition
 One
Term

Will a covalent compound dissolve in water?

Definition
 No
Term
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Definition
A phosphate unit, a sugar and a nitrogen base
Term

If electrons are shared what kind of bond do you have?

Definition
Covalent
Term
What is the atomic mass?
Definition
Number of Protons and Neutrons
Term

What is the atomic number? 

 

Definition
Number of protons
Term

Where do you find electrons?

Definition
In the shells, orbitals or energy levels
Term
What are the four elements that make up the human body?
Definition
Carbon hydrogen nitrogen  oxygen
Term

What would you find in the nucleus of an atom? 

Definition
Protons and neutrons
Term

Is the knee superior to the ankle? 

Definition
The ankle is inferior to the knee
Term

What cavity is the brain located in?

Definition

 Cranial cavity which is a part of the dorsal cavity

 

Term

Are the lungs medial or lateral to the heart?

Definition
Lateral
Term
What is the opposite of deep?
Definition
Superficial
Term

What is another name for ventral? 

Definition
Anterior
Term

Another name of for posterior?

Definition
 Dorsal
Term

What body plane divides front and back?

Definition
 Frontal or Coronal
Term

What are the two major cavities of the body?

Definition
Dorsal  and ventral
Term

The heart contains what kind of muscle tissue?

Definition
 Cardiac
Term
What connective tissue holds bones together?
Definition
Ligaments
Term

What is the heart?

Definition
Organ
Term

What is the heaviest organ of the body?

Definition
 Skin
Term
What system is the framework for internal organs?
Definition
Skeletal system
Term

The thymus is part of what body system? 

Definition
Endocrine system and Lymphatic system
Term

 What body system maintains the balances of electrolytes, water, and acid base?

Definition
Urinary system
Term
Body movement is caused by what system?
Definition
Muscular system
Term

Hormone secretion involves what organ system?

Definition
 Endocrine System
Term
The central nervous system includes what?
Definition
Brain and Spinal cord
Term
Bones, ligament, and cartilage are part of what body system?
Definition
Skeletal system
Term
The stomach is composed of what type of muscle?
Definition
Smooth muscle
Term

List the primary organs of the digestive system.

Definition
  Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anal canal.
Term
What is the skin's primary function?
Definition
Protection
Term
What are nerve impulses?
Definition
Signals generated by the nervous system
Term
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
Definition
Transportation material throughout the entire body
Term

What is the function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

Definition
Location where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lung and blood.
Term
What organs make up the lymphatic system?
Definition
lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus gland and spleen.
Term
What is the main function of the digestive system?
Definition
Processing or digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Term

What body system contains heart, arteries, veins and cappilaries?

Definition
Cardiovascular
Term

The PNS of Peripheral Nervous system includes what?

Definition
Cranial and spinal nerves
Term
List the four organs that compose the urinary system.
Definition
Kidney, bladder, ureters, and urethra.
Term
The cardiovascular system transports what substances?
Definition
Waste products hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and metabolic waste.
Term
Which of the systems involve the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Definition
Respiratory
Term
The study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.
Definition
Microscopic Anatomy
Term
The study of structures that can be seen by the naked eye.
Definition
Gross Anatomy
Term
What are subdivistion of the thorasic cavity?
Definition
Pleural cavity, pericardium,
Term

Where would you find the urinary bladder?

Definition
Pelvic
Term

If your body temperature drops, muscles contract, shiver, generating heat, the muscles are what part?

Definition
 The Effector.
Term

Part of feedback loop that detects change?

Definition
Sensor
Term

What makes an atoms become a negative ion?

Definition
Gains electrons that makes it negative
Term

What is the primary function of skin?

Definition
Protection
Term

What kind of chemical bond does not end in the formation of a new molecule?

Definition
Hydrogen bond
Term

What kind of charge does a proton have?

Definition

Positive

Term

What kind of charge does a neutron have?

Definition
Neutral
Term
What kind of charge does an Electron have?
Definition
Negative
Term

If something is superior to another location is would be what?

Definition
Closer or toward the head.
Term

Compares condition to what it is supposed to be?

Definition
Control Center
Term

In a feedback loop, the thing that has the direct effect on the condition is what?

Definition
Effector
Term

Which of the body systems plays a role in immunity?

Definition
Lymphatic system
Term

Besides the skin what does the integumentary system include?

Definition
 Hair fingernails skin appendages microscopic sense receptors sweat glands, and oil glands
Term

What do tendons connect together?

Definition
Muscle to bone
Term

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

Definition
Teeth Salivary glands, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix
Term

What detects a change in a regulated condition?

Definition
 Sensor
Term

The integrator is also known as the _____

Definition
control center
Term

The body reacting to the cold is the______

Definition
effector
Term

What is another word for Superior?

Definition
cephalic
Term
What is another word for inferior?
Definition
caudal
Term
What is another word for Ventral?
Definition
Anterterior
Term

What is another word for Dorsal?

Definition
posterior- in surgery we stick with posterior usually.
Term

The terms Proximal and distal are used to refer to what part of the body? 

Definition
extremities- arms and legs
Term

What divides the thoracic and abdominal cavity?

Definition
 Diaphragm
Term
In relation to the shoulder where would the elbow be?
Definition
Distal..
Term
Define Anatomy
Definition
The study of the structure of an organism. This consists of the size, shape, construction, and relative position of organs in the body.  
Term
Define Physiology
Definition
The study of the functions of an organism. How the organs work by themselves and in relation to the whole organism.
Term

List the terms for the bodies organizational levels from simplest to most complex

Definition

1. Atoms

2. Cells

3. Tissues

4. Organs

5. Systems

Term

Coronal/Frontal/ Coronal

Definition
Divides front and back or anterior and posterior or ventral (Front) and dorsal (back)
Term
Sagittal/ Midsagital
Definition

Lengthwise plane that divides a structure into right and left sections.

 

Mid- Saggital plane that divides the body into equal halves

Term
Transverse plane
Definition
Horizontal plane that divides a structure into upper and lower sections
Term
Oblique
Definition
refers to diagnal or slanted direction relative to the horizontal and vertical directions.
Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
Reference position in which the body is standing erect with the feet slightly apart and arms at the sides with palms turned forward. Anatomical position gives meaning to directional terms.
Term
Ventral Cavity
Definition

Thoracis Cavity

Abdominal Cavity

Pelvic Cavity

Term

Thorasic Cavity

 

Definition

- Mediastinum- mid portion of thoracic cavity

-Plueral cavities- right and left lungs

Pericardial cavity- heart

Term
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Definition

- Contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen

- Pelvic cavity contains reporoductive organs, urinary bladder, and lowest part of intestines.

Term
Dorsal Cavity
Definition

-Cranial Cavity contains brain

- Spinal cavity- contains spinal cord.

Term
Superior
Definition
Toward the head, upper, above
Term
Inferior
Definition
toward the feet, lower, below
Term
Anterior
Definition
Front, in front of (same as ventral in humans)
Term
Posterior
Definition
back, in back of (same as dorsal in humans)
Term
Medial
Definition
toward the midline of a structure
Term
Lateral
Definition
away from the midline or toward the side of a structure
Term
Proximal
Definition
Toward or nearest the trunk, pr nearest the point of origin of a structure
Term
Distal
Definition
away from or farthest from the trunk. pr farthest from a structure's point of origin.
Term
Label shivering feedback loop
Definition
[image]
Term
Radiography
Definition

Imaging technique using x-rays that pass through some tissues more easily than other.

 

(radiographer)

Term

A Patient having Appendicitis is having pain in what quadrant?

Definition
Right Lower Quadrant
Term
Right Upper Quadrant
Definition

1. Liver

2. Gallbladder

3. Part of small and large intestines

4. Bile Ducts

5. Right Kidney

Term
Right Lower Quadrant
Definition

1. Appendix

2. Part of small and large intestines

3. Reproductive Organs

4. Part of bladder

5. Part of right ureter

Term
Left Upper Quadrant
Definition

1. Spleen

2. Part of small and large intestine

3. Left Kidney

4. Stomach

5. Pancreas

Term
Left Lower Quadrant
Definition

1. Part of small and large intestine

2. Part of bladder

3. Reproductive Organs

4. Part of left Ureter

Term
9 Regions
Definition

1. Right and Left hypochondriac regions

2. Right and left lumbar regions

3. Right and left illiac/Inguinal regions

4. Epigastric region

5. Unbilical region

6. Hypogastric Region

Term

What body system involves communication?

Definition
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Term

Where is the liver located?

Definition
upper right quadrant epigastria region
Term

Middle toe and its relation to the big and small toe.

Definition

Small-Lateral

Big-medial

Term
Acid has a pH level of more of less than 7?
Definition
Less
Term

If you have a strong base and strong acid?  

Definition
Water and salt are the result of a strong acid and a strong base reacting
Term

What are the characteristics of acids?

Definition
A substance that shifts the H+/OH- balance in favor of H+/ Has a higher concentration of H+
Term
Name some structural proteins?
Definition
Keratins, collagens
Term
Nucleotides are the building blocks of what?
Definition
Nucleic Acids- DNA RNA
Term

Which three nitrogen bases can be found in both RNA and DNA?

Definition
Adenine, thymine, or Guanine, cytosine, uracil
Term

What is contained in the skeletal system?

Definition
Bones cartilage,
Term

What does the digestive system do?

Definition
Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, absortion of nurtients, elimination of waste products, appendix holds bacteria that assist in digestion
Term

What are the parts of the respiratory system?

Definition
Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, and Lungs
Term

Where is the pituitary and hypothalamus found?

Definition
Endocrine System
Term
Difference between the Endocrine and Nervous system
Definition

An endocrine and nervous system have the same general function. Nervous system is faster and endocrine is slower.

Term
What is in the lymphatic system?
Definition
Lymphatic Vessels, Lymph nodes and tonsils, thymus, spleen
Term

What is in the integumentary system?

Definition
Skin, Hair, nails microscopic sense receptors, sweat glands, and oil glands
Term

What is in the Central nervous system?

Definition
Brain and Spinal cord. Cumminication, integration of body functions, control of body functions, and recognition of sensory stimuli.
Term

Primary organs of digestive system?

Definition
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines, Large Intestines, Rectum, anal canal
Term

The thymus is in which two systems?

Definition
Lymphatic and Immune System
Term

What glands is within the endocrine system?

Definition
Pituitary gland. pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus glamd, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes
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