Term
|
Definition
made of basaltic rocks, thinner than continental crust, is constantly being created |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
forms major landmasses, granitic composition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Consists of crust and upper part of mantle above the asthenosphere |
|
|
Term
Mohorivicic Discontinuity |
|
Definition
boundary between crust and mantle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
upper part of mantle, may have some crust material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Soft space in upper mantle below the lithosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
particular color, luster, hardness, tendancy to fracture, specific gravity, taste |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rock that is covered by loose surface material (R Horizon) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formed from cooling and recrystallization of magma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formed from accumilation, compaction, or chemical precipitates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Formed from heat and pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of igneous rock, formed from solidified lava on earth's surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of igneous rock, formed from solidified magma within earth's surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of intrusive igneous rock, solidified deep within earth's surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of sedimentary rock formed from the remains of organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of sedimentary rock formed by minerals that become saturated and precipitate out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
distinct layers of sediment, each strata represent a record of the past |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
boundaries in the sediment layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
different types of sediment, erosion moves older sediments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
layers accumulate at an angle to the main strata |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fuses rock to a point of deformation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
slate dark in color, will break into thin flat layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Schist, drawn out into scales by heat and pressure, will break into flakes and scales |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gneiss, formed in ancient seabeds, hard to break |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
upper part of the supercontinent Pangea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lower part of supercontinent Pangea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Proposed the idea of Continental Drift and Pangea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
creation of new ocean crust by destruction of old ocean crust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
where new crust comes from, many different locations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are running away from each other, form rift valleys and mid-oceanic ridges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time, example is Hawaiian islands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organism that can produce its own food using energy from photosynthesis or inorganic chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organism that cannot produce its own energy and must feed on other organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of succession that occurs on land that was previously barren, for example from lava flow or a retreated glacier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a type of succession that occurs on land that was previously habitated by life, for example an abandoned field or land after a forest fire or flood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
density of population which can be supported by the natural resources, when an organism flourishes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transition area between two adjacent but different plant communities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what an organism needs to survive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
areas with trees, makes up 1/3 of Earth's landmass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
initial form in plant succession, vegetation dominated by grass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
areas that are too severe form plants that need a lot of water, organisms must store water, 1/5 of earth's landmass, very little rainfall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
frozen priaries, coldest plains of far north, tundra = treeless land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
microscopic plants/animals, phyto = plant, zoo = animal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
animals that swim in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
animals that live on the ocean floor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shrimp-like power food of the antarctic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
degraded organic material in soil, which causes some soil layers to be dark brown or black, less organic matter causes lighter soil colors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a measure of the void spaces in a material, amount of space for water storage in soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ease that water will move through soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organic top layer of soil that contains decomposing organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
topsoil layer below O Horizon, contains some decomposing matter and much biological activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"eluviated" layer below A Horizon, has been significantly leached of its mineral and/or organic content, leaving a pale layer largely composed of silicates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
collection of materials removed from A and E Horizons by leaching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transition zone from B Horizon to C Horizon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
area of soil development below B Horizon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lowermost soil horizon, made of bedrock or parent material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
young soils, lack horizons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
young soil, although older than entisols, has some development of A and B Horizons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
very poorly drained soils due to high organic content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
develop on volcanic parent material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
exhibit frequent freezing and thawing above permifrost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soils present in desert regions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occur where there is a strong seasonality of precipitation, have a high content of expansive clay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soils present in grasslands, are good for agriculture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
whitish or gray soil covered with thick black horizon, poor for agriculture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soils found in moist or wet regions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soils found in areas of high temperatures and heavy rainfall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soil forming process that occurs in humid tropical and subtropical climates as a result of high temperatures and abundant precipitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soil forming process that occurs in high middle latitudes that have a moist climate, short cool summers and long sever winters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soil forming process that occurs in warm, semi-arid environments, usually under grassland vegetation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soil-forming process that occurs in poor drainage areas like streams, valleys, and low-lying areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soil-forming proccess that occurs in poorly drained areas under cold and wet environments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Based on the physical characteristics such as observed features like temperature and precipitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Based on causes of climate such as air mass, pressure systems |
|
|
Term
The Greek philosopher who classified climates into three zones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The hot uninhabitable area is from the Tropic of Cancer to Tropic of Capricorn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Habitable area from the Tropic of Cancer to the Artic Circle and from the Tropic of Capricorn to the Antarctic Circle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Cold Uninhabitable area is from the Artic Circle to the North Pole and from the Artic Circle to the South Pole |
|
|
Term
How many different zones does the Simplified Koppen System break the Earth into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the simplified Koppen System, areas near the Equator where the noon sun is never far from 90 Degrees are called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the simplified Koppen System, areas exhibiting year round moisture deficiency and will have seasonality of precipitation are what type of climate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the Simplified Koppen System, areas where most trees keep their leaves all year round because there is always water available in a liquid are what type of climate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the Simplified Koppen System, areas where trees defoliate because the ground gets too cold or frozen is what type of climate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the Simplified Koppen System, areas where trees cannot survive, the land is an ice sheet, and there is no month average temperature over zero degrees Celcius are known as what type of climate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the Simplified Koppen System, areas around mountains are known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When the Earth changes its orbit every 100,000 years from and ellipse to a circular orbit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This happens every 21000 years changing the max and minimum distance from the sun |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When the Earth changes it’s tilt from 24 ½ degrees to a minimum of 22 degrees then back to 23 ½ degrees, this happens every 41000 years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There is more ________ during interglacial periods less in major glacial advances (ice ages). |
|
Definition
Carbon Dioxide in glaciers |
|
|
Term
One ton of this will do 25x the impact of carbon dioxide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Formation of lands, Sea water lowering to create more land, removal of land to make water ways will do what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This area is between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This is the Earth’s most complex biome in terms of both structure and species. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A sudden heavy down poor of rain is a.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This land mass has dry summers, mild moist winter with a seasonality of precipitation and abundant sunshine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This land mass has Mild winter, hot summer but there is no dry season. However there are monsoon and hurricanes increase summer precipitation? |
|
Definition
Humid Subtropical CLimate |
|
|
Term
This land mass has Mild cool summers and is one of the foggiest, cloudiest, rainiest and stormiest climates |
|
Definition
Marine West Coast Climate |
|
|