Term
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Definition
| An assemblage of several ribosomes bound to one mRNA molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nucleic acid sequence that reads forward or backward |
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Term
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Definition
| A small, circular piece of DNA that is not part of a bacterial chromesome |
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Term
| The energy output required for protein synthesis is at least ____ high-energy bonds per amino acid. |
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Definition
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Term
| Breifly describe the role of promoters in the prokaryotic transcription process. |
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Definition
| The region of DNA that helps RNA polymerase bind to DNA. It is located upstream of the transcription start site and usually runs from -35 bases up stream to the transcription start site. |
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Term
| Breifly describe the role of rho (ρ) in the prokaryotic transcription process. |
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Definition
Protein that binds mRNA and when it meets RNA polymerase that is transcribing RNA, it stops and dissociates it stopping the transcription process.
Helps separate DNA-RNA hybrid. |
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Term
Describe the basic steps in PCR |
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Definition
- Denaturation: DNA is denatured by high heat temps
- Hybridization: DNA is cooled so that RNA primers can bind to the DNA in the opposite directions
- Polymerization: Taq polymerase is added to synthesize the desired DNA from the added primers
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Term
| Explain the value of PCR to biochemistry/medicine |
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Definition
| Can be used to make several copies of a desired DNA sequence to use for study/research. |
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Term
| Describe the role/function of the Shine-Delgarno Sequence in translation |
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Definition
| Sequence of nucleotides on mRNA that are complimentary and recognized by the 30S ribosome subunit and helps to align mRNA properly for translation |
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Term
| Describe the role/function of the GTP in translation |
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Definition
| High energy molecule. For each step in elongation one anhydride bond is broken for energy. For each aminoacyl-tRNA accepted into the A site one anhydride bond is broken for energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that protects the 3'-ends of chromesomes |
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Term
| Short primers are not required to initiate transcription in prokaryotes |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA sequencing by Sanger's method involves incorporating __________ that stop chain elongation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A protein that marks proteins for degredation |
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Term
| Describe the role of the sigma subunit in transcription |
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Definition
| recognizes the promoter locus, released once transcription stops |
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Term
| Describe the role of the RNA polymerase in transcription |
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Definition
| Catalyzes formation of phosphodiester bonds between the incoming ribonucleotides |
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Term
| Enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sequences are called |
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Definition
| Restrictive Endonucleases |
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Term
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Definition
Circular
One Chromesome
No introns
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Term
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Definition
Linear
23 Chromesomes
Contains Introns which are removed during splicing
bind with proteins (histones) |
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Term
| Describe the role of DNA Polymerase I in DNA replication |
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Definition
Fills gaps between Okazaki fragments on lagging strand
functions 5'-3' or 3'-5' |
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Term
| Describe the role of Primase in DNA replication |
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Definition
| Catalyzes RNA Synthesis which in turn allows binding of DNA Polymerase III |
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Term
| Describe the role of Okazaki fragments in DNA replication |
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Definition
| New DNA fragments on lagging strand moving in the opposite direction of the replication fork |
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Term
| Describe the role of Helicase in DNA replication |
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Definition
| Enzyme that unwinds DNA by breaking H-bonds making replication possible |
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Term
| Why is DNA more stable than RNA? |
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Definition
| The additional 2' -OH on ribose is an activating group that destabilizes the structue. |
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Term
| Structural/Functional components of DNA |
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Definition
Double-Helix, Double Stranded
Anti-Parallel
SS held together by covalent bonds
Sugar used is deoxyribose
used to transcribe RNA
Contains Thymine nucleotide |
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Term
| Structural/Functional components of RNA |
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Definition
Single Stranded
Used to make proteins
Sugar is Ribose
Several different types
Sugar is Ribose |
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