Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Test Block 6 - Male Reproductive
Male Reproductive
63
Pathology
Graduate
11/27/2010

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Definition
Definition
Focal or diffuse inflammation of prostatic parynchema
Term
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Cause(s)
Definition
Ascending urethritis, urinary reflux, lymphatic / rectal spread
Term
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Bacteria responsible
Definition
Gram negative rods
Term
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Signs/Symptoms
Definition
Fever, chills, dysuria, pelvic / lower back pain
Term
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Diagnosis
Definition
Very tender, boggy prostate on DRE; Biopsy contraindicated (sepsis may occur); positive urine cultures
Term
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Treatment
Definition
Antibiotics, Antipyretics, Analgesics
Term
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Complications
Definition
Bladder outlet obstruction, Abscess, acture pyelonephritis, sepsis
Term
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis - Signs/Symptoms
Definition
Hemospermia, low back pain, dysuria, pain on ejaculation (no fever/chills)
Term
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis - Diagnosis
Definition
Difficult to diagnose and treat (unremarkable DRE); Leukocytes in prostatic secretions and positive cultures
Term
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis - Characteristics
Definition
Recurrent UTI by the same organism; Prostatic calculi can serve as a reservoir for persistent and recurrent infections
Term
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis - Bacteria responsible
Definition
Gram negative rods
Term
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis - Treatment
Definition
Long term antibiotics; Excision of prostatic tissue (removing calculi)
Term
Chronic Abacterial Prostatitis - Characteristics
Definition
Most common form of prostatitis; NO recurrent UTIs
Term
Chronic Abacterial Prostatitis - Diagnosis
Definition
Prostatic secretions contain WBC, but cultures are negative
Term
Chronic Abacterial Prostatitis - Signs/Symptoms
Definition
Same as Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
Term
Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Age Group
Definition
Men above 50 (20% of 40yo; 70% of 60yo; 90% of 70yo)
Term
Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Histological Definition
Definition
Hyperplasia of prostatic stromal end epithelial cells; Large, fairly discrete nodules in the periurethral region of the gland
Term
Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Characteristics
Definition
"BPH";
Term
Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Complications
Definition
Compression / narrowing of the urethra, causing urinary obstruction
Term
Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Cause(s)
Definition
Action of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the prostate; Age-related increase in estrogen causes increased expression of DHT receptors
Term
Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Signs/Symptoms
Definition
Frequency, trouble starting/stopping etc.; UTIs; Symtoms relate to secondary effects in the UT system
Term
Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Secondary Changes
Definition
Hypertrophyof bladder wall;Trabeculation of the muscles in the bladder wall; Diverticulum formation; Hydroureter & hydronephrosis; Renal dysfunction; Urinary retention
Term
Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Diagnosis
Definition
DRE - Rubbery-smooth enlarged gland with mobile overlying rectal mucosa; assesnemnt of BUN/creatinine; Bacteria in urine
Term
Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Treatment
Definition
Alpha-adrenergic blockers (relaxes SM at bladder neck & in prostate); 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (Inhibit DHT production); surgical intervention
Term
Prostate Cancer - Characteristics
Definition
Majority are adenocarcinoma; Most common form of CA in US men; 2nd leading cause of death;
Term
Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Risk Factors
Definition
African-America; Fam. History; Hormonal influences; High-grade PIN (precursor lesion)
Term
Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Age Group
Definition
Men > 50yo
Term
Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Characteristics
Definition
Intraluminal crystalloids (marker)
Term
Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Grading
Definition
Gleason's (1: Low grade, well differentiated; 5: High grade, less differentiated)
Term
Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Complications
Definition
Spread via Direct local invasion; Lymphatics & Hematogenous; Osteoblastic Bone CA
Term
Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Types
Definition
Localized carcinoma; Advanced Disease
Term
Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Diagnosis (Both types)
Definition
Localized carcinoma: Palpable nodule, elevated PSA, Obscured midline furrow; Advanced disease: Markedly elevated PSA, Blood in urine / semen, Pain/stiffness in back, hips & pelvis
Term
TMS Grading System - Primary Tumour (T)
Definition
TX (No tumour); T0 (No evidence); T1 (Clincally inapparent tumour not palpable or visble by imaging); T2a (Confined within prostate - one lobe); T2b (Confined withing prostate - two lobes); T3 (Extends through prostate capsule); T4 (Invasion of bladder neck, external sphincter, rectum, levator muscles and/or pelvic wall)
Term
TMS Grading System - Regional Lymph Node (N)
Definition
NX (cannot be assessed); N0 (No LN metastasis); N1 (Mets in regional lymph node)
Term
TMS Grading System - Distant Mets (M)
Definition
MX (Cannot be assessed); M0 (No mets); M1a (Non-regional LN); M1b (Bone); M1c (Other sites)
Term
Hypospadius - Definition
Definition
Abnormal opening of the urethra into the ventral surface of the penis
Term
Hypo- & Epispadius Etiology
Definition
Malformation of the urethral groove and canal; Cryptorchidism may also be present
Term
Epispadius - Definition
Definition
Abnormal opening of the urethra into the dorsal surface of the penis
Term
Phimosis - Definition
Definition
Abnormally tight foreskin
Term
Phimosis - Complications
Definition
Infection; cancer (from chronic inflammation)
Term
Paraphimosis - Definition
Definition
Forcible retraction of the foreskin over the glans; Swelling blocks replacement of foreskin
Term
Balanoposthitis - Definition
Definition
Inflammation of the glans and foreskin
Term
Balanoposthitis - Causes
Definition
Stap & Strep; Candida Albicans; STDs
Term
Problems caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis
Definition
Urethritis & epididimytis: Purulent discharge WITHOUT bacteria; Lymphogranuloma venereum: penile lesions and draining inguinal LN (buboes)
Term
Priapism - Definition
Definition
Persisitent erection for more than 4 hours; Urologic EMERGENCY
Term
Bowen Disease - Definition
Definition
Grey-white plaque with shallow ulceration & crusting in uncircumsized men
Term
Bowen Disease - Age Group
Definition
Men and women above 35
Term
Bowen Disease - Complications
Definition
May progress to SqCC over years (5-10%); Possible visceral CA
Term
Bowen Disease - Bacteria Responsible
Definition
HPV 16
Term
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - Definition
Definition
Bowen disease when localized on the GLANS and FORESKIN as shiny, red velvety plaques
Term
Bowenoid Papulosis - Bacteria Responsible
Definition
HPV 16
Term
Bowenoid Papulosis - Age Group
Definition
Sexually active males (ave. 29yo)
Term
Bowenoid Papulosis - Complications
Definition
NO progression to CA; May spontaneously regress
Term
Bowenoid Papulosis - Characteristics
Definition
Multiple pigmented papular lesions; May resemble verrucoid / condyloma
Term
Penile SqCC - Characteristics
Definition
Advanced penile lesions present for more than a year
Term
Penile SqCC - Complications
Definition
Slow growth & local metastasis to regional LN
Term
Jackson Staging - Stage 1
Definition
Stage of CA confined to the glans / foreskin
Term
Jackson Staging - Stage 2
Definition
Stage of CA with invasion of shaft / corpora WITHOUT nodal mets
Term
Jackson Staging - Stage 3
Definition
Stage of CA where confined to shaft, but WITH regional LN mets
Term
Jackson Staging - Stage 4
Definition
Stage of CA with invasion of shaft / corpora WITH inoperable regional mets and/or distant mets
Term
Fournier's Gangrene - Definition
Definition
Staph/Strep infection resulting in necrotizing fasciitis of the genitals / scrotum
Term
Fournier's Gangrene - Causes
Definition
Urethral stricture with extravasation of urine; Complications of cemo; Trauma; DM/alcoholism/obesity
Term
Scrotal SqCC - Characteristics
Definition
Most common malignant tumour of te scrotum
Supporting users have an ad free experience!