Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Test 7
Substances/drugs of abuse
44
Pharmacology
Graduate
04/20/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cost-Effectiveness of Drug Tx
Definition
$4-7 saved in crime related costs
Term
Risk factors
Definition
genetic and environmental issues
Term
Treatment effectiveness
Definition
does not need to be voluntary
Term
What is a dual diagnosis
Definition
Someone who has both and alcohol/drug problem and an emotional/psychiatric problem.
Need to treat both problems.
Term
Chemical Dependence
Definition
Affects 8.3% over the age of 12, does not include nicotine
Term
What is a difference between drug abuse and dependence
Definition
Abuse-is a preventable behavior
Dependence-is a treatable disease
Term
Drug dependence peaks when?
Definition
Between the ages of 18 and 25
Term
Drugs of abuse affect what?
Definition
The reward system by increasing the concentration of dopamine(ex: ecstasy)
Term
What is the CVS effect of cocaine?
Definition
Increases HR
Term
How does cocaine effect the brains use of glucose?
Definition
Reduces the neurons ability to use glucose and disrupts brain function.
Term
What is used in the treatment of cocaine overdose?
Definition
Lorazepam for agitation and haldol for psychotic behavior.
Term
What has cocaine been replaced by? And why?
Definition
Methamphetamine; stronger, cheaper, and lasts longer-12h
Term
Addictive drugs can cause what after long-term use?
Definition
Physical, psychological and structural changes
Term
What specific changes occur in the brain with long-term drug addiction?
Definition
The pleasure/reward system(in the ventral tegmental area projecting to nucleus accumbens)has reduced pleasure experience.
Term
What neurotransmitter is related to the pleasure/reward system?
Definition
Dopamine
Term
What is the mechanism of action of marijuana?
Definition
Increased release of dopamine
Term
What are some of the effects caused by marijuana use?
Definition
-Loss of motor coordination(up to 24 hours)
-Impaired short-term memory
-Delayed reaction time
-Increased risk for accidents
-Dry mouth
Term
How does marijuana compare to cigarettes?
Definition
Marijuana contains 5X more tar and CO than cigarettes.
Term
What is the most abused drug used at work?
Definition
methamphetamine
Term
What is the mechanism of axn of methamphetamine?
Definition
Releases high levels of dopamine.
Term
What are the effects of methamphetamine?
Definition
-More central effect
-Short-term:
--decreased appetite
--8-24hr
-Long-term:
--potential brain damage
Term
What is meth mouth?
Definition
Dental caries on buccal smooth surface of post. teeth and interproximal ant. teeth
Due to acidic nature of the drug.
Term
What are the withdrawl symptoms of methapmhetamine?
Definition
-Aggression
-depression
-anxiety
-fatigue
-intense craving
-paranoia
Term
What are the indications for methamphetamine?
Definition
-ADHD
-exogenous obesity
-narcolepsy
Term
Is there a better alternative to methamphetamine?
Definition
Yes, Strattera a non-stimulant
Term
What properties does ecstasy have?
Definition
A stimulant and a hallucinogenic
Term
What is the mechanism of axn of ecstasy?
Definition
Binds to transporters and prevents serotonin from binding. Has the same effect on dopamine neurons.
Term
What are the PCOL effects for ecstasy?
Definition
euphoria, increased desire for physical contact
Term
What causes life-threatening adverse effects with ecstasy?
Definition
multiple doses/stacking
Term
How do you treat for stimulant use/abuse?
Definition
-ABC's
-acute
--Ativan-excitement or panic
--risperdal-psychosis
--Matrix model
Term
How much alcohol is a safe level for teens? Pregnant women? People with a history of addiction?
Definition
There is no safe level.
Term
How does a person develop alcoholism?
Definition
By genetic and/or environmental factors
Term
What is the mechanism of axn of alcohol?
Definition
enhances GABA leading to CNS depression and excites DA neurons in the vetral tegmental area.
Term
Where is ethanol metabolized?
Definition
90% in liver, 10% unchanged in urine.
Term
Overdose of alcohol causes what?
Definition
respiratory failure.
Term
What organs does alcohol effect?
Definition
Liver, kidney, and sexual function
Term
Alcohol increases the risk of what type of cancers?
Definition
Mouth, oropharynx, esophagus, liver, and breast.
Term
What happens with stage 3 alcohol dependence?
Definition
Delirium tremens
Term
What are some of the medications used to treat alcohol dependence?
Definition
Disulfram, Naltrexone, and acamprosate
Term
What is ethyl glucoronide?
Definition
Metabolite of ethanol. 2ml of urine needed to detect in assay. detectable up to 2 days.
Term
What kind of effect do inhalants have?
Definition
euphoric
Term
What are some consequences of inhalants?
Definition
SSDS due to cardiac arrhythmia.
Term
What are some risk factors for inhalant abuse?
Definition
chaotic home environment and poor social coping skills.
Term
What is the #1 adult health problem?
Definition
Stress at work
Supporting users have an ad free experience!